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Spread of Leishmaniasis (Kala-Azar)
Leishmaniasis is spread by the bite of infected sand flies (phlebotomine sandflies). A sandfly is very small, hard to see insect that flies silently. It has only about one-third the size of a typical mosquito. Its bite often gets unnoticed as it may be painless (Bites can also be painful). Sandflies are usually lively from dusk to dawn. They are less active during the hottest time of the day.
A sandfly becomes infected with the parasite when it bites an infected animal like a rodent, a dog, or while biting an infected individual. The parasite is then spread by this infected sandfly to other animals and people.
Other less common modes of spread are:
- Blood transfusions
- Contaminated needles
- From pregnant mother to her baby
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Kala azar is highly suspected to be prevalent in NAGALAND, INDIA in both forms; Cutaneous and Visceral; Lack of Diagnostic Kits and knowledge of those Doctors at Kohima and Dimapur where most patients come for treatment is a problem.Most of them are ignorant of Kala azar. The State NVBDCP needs to gear up its resources for case detection. Few cases are suspected to be having Cutaneous Leishmaniasis,Few or one was recently confirmed of VL other forms cannot be ruled out. Kala azar is the 5th/6th most fatal parasitic disease.Experienced Doctors need be posted at State run major hospitals under HFW with a purpose to identify,diagnose and treat these fatal vector borne disease.They can be trained later in the process in ADVANCED Degree or DIPLOMA courses and also in TROPICAL medicine particularly Doctors with Public Health background like; DPH,DMCW these are time tested courses relevent in the present context, they are newly regulated as well- i.e. advantage, Nagaland.One thing is for sure there is KALA AZAR cases in Nagaland.