Top 10 Facts About Surgical Procedures

What are Surgical Procedures?

Surgery is a procedure to remove or repair diseased tissues or organs. The act of performing surgery is called a surgical procedure.

There are many types of surgical procedures that are categorized based on timing, purpose, type of procedure, organ system, degree of invasiveness, and instruments used (1^✔ ✔Trusted Source
Surgery

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Top 10 Facts about Surgical Procedure

Origin of Surgery

1. The word 'Surgery' is derived from the Greek term 'cheirourgen, where 'cheir' means hand and 'ergo' means work. Therefore, surgery stands for 'to work with hand.' (2^✔ ✔Trusted Source
   Ancient Greek terminology in pediatric surgery: about the word meaning
   
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2. Sushrutha, an Indian physician who first documented surgical procedures in the 6th century BC, is considered to be the 'Father of Surgery.' He is also named as the 'Father of Plastic Surgery and Cosmetic Surgery' since his technique of rhinoplasty (reconstruction of nose), remains the same till date (3^✔ ✔Trusted Source
   Sushruta
   
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3. The majority of surgeries conducted on the eye, ear, nose, mouth, pharynx and skin are performed in an outpatient setting, while the majority of obstetrical, respiratory and cardiovascular surgeries are performed in an inpatient setting (4^✔ ✔Trusted Source
   Statistical Brief #223Surgeries in Hospital-Based Ambulatory Surgery and Hospital Inpatient Settings, 2014
   
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Statistics on Surgical Procedure

4. Total number of major surgical procedures performed worldwide is estimated to be 310 million per year. Total number of procedures performed in the USA is estimated to be 51.4 million (5^✔ ✔Trusted Source
   Trauma of major surgery: A global problem that is not going away
   
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5. Most common procedures performed in the USA are for heart, including angiography and arteriography (2.4 million), cardiac catheterizations (1.0 million), balloon angioplasty of coronary artery or coronary atherectomy (500,000), insertion of coronary artery stent (454,000) and coronary artery bypass graft (395,000) (6^✔ ✔Trusted Source
   Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Arteriography
   
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6. The second most common procedure is from the specialty of obstetrics and gynecology with cesarean section (1.3 million) and hysterectomy( 600,000). The third most common procedure is from the specialty of orthopedics - reduction of fracture (671,000), total knee replacements (719,000) and total hip replacements (332,000) (7^✔ ✔Trusted Source
   Cesarean Section
   
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7. The most common ambulatory surgeries include lens and cataract procedure (99.9% preformed in ambulatory settings (AS), Cholecystectomy - surgical removal of gallbladder (55.1%), lumpectomy - removal of breast tumor or lump and a small portion of the surrounding normal tissue (96.5%), hernia repair (90.2%), pacemakers (64%), skin graft (67%), Hysterectomy - removal of uterus (39.8%).
8. Women (86%) outgrew men (13%) in both surgical and nonsurgical procedures worldwide. The top procedures performed on women include breast augmentation, liposuction, eyelid surgery, fat grafting, and abdominoplasty while on men it was Eyelid Surgery, rhinoplasty, Liposuction, Gynecomastia, fat grafting and ear surgery (8^✔ ✔Trusted Source
   Assessing Cosmetic Surgery Safety: The Evolving Data
   
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9. Middle-expenditure ($401–1000) and high-expenditure (>$1000) countries which account for 30·2% of the world's population, provided 73·6% (172·3 million) of surgeries worldwide in 2004, whereas poor-expenditure (≤$100) countries account for 34·8% of the global population yet undertook only 3·5% (8·1 million) of all surgical procedures in 2004.

Post-Surgical Complications

10. Post-surgical complications may either be general or specific to the type of surgery. Common postoperative complications include fever, wound infection, embolism, incomplete lung inflation (9^✔ ✔Trusted Source
    After Surgery: Discomforts and Complications
    
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