
High maternal hepatitis viral infection and co-infection with HIV are the key risk factors associated with the transmission of the hepatitis C virus to children. The status of IL28B in the mother or children did not increase risk of HCV-VT in this study. Findings are published in the May issue of Hepatology.
Chronic HCV affects 170 million individuals worldwide, with 10% to 15% of cases leading to cirrhosis and liver cancer. A major route of infection in children is vertical transmission of HCV (HCV-VT)known also as mother-to-child transmission and may occur in utero or following birth (breast feeding). While medical evidence has described risk factors involved in HCV-VT, underlying transmission mechanisms and timing of disease transmission is not fully understood. Prior studies have investigated the relationship between HCV-VT and maternal HCV genotype, birth mode (vaginal or caesarean) and type of feeding (breast feeding or replacement), but results have been conflicting.
"Our study analyzed the role of IL28B in HCV-VT and the spontaneous clearance of HCV among infected infants," said ngeles Ruiz Extremera, M.D., of San Cecilio University Hospital in Spain. The team recruited 145 mothers who were infected with HCV and gave birth between 1991 and 2009. All women were Caucasian 112 were HCV RNA positive and HIV negative; 33 were HCV RNA negative and HCV antibody positive. A total of 142 children were birthed by HCV-RNA positive mothers and 43 children to HCV-RNA negative mothers, all of whom were followed for six years or more. HCV-VT was defined as children who presented with HCV-RNA positive results from two blood samples.
An increased risk of HCV-VT was not associated with the mothers' or children's IL28B status. However, researchers found that genotype non-1 and CC of the IL28B gene were involved with viral clearance among children infected with HCV. In regression analysis the child CC polymorphism was the only predictor of spontaneous HCV clearance in HCV genotype-1. "Our data are the first to account for HCV virus clearance and may provide important information about protective immunity to HCV," concluded Dr. Ruiz Extremera. "Further investigation is needed to understand the mechanisms involved with this genetic variation and the clinical impact of the IL28B variant on HCV infection."
Source: Eurekalert