New study has discovered two antioxidant enzymes that work together to prevent oxidation of telomeric DNA at chromosome ends. The study led by Joachim Lingner and Wareed Ahmed at EPFL found that disrupting both the enzymes, called PRDX1 and MTH1, in cancer cells, shrunk the cells' telomeres with every round of cell division, eventually disappearing altogether.
Before cell division, the long strings of the cell's DNA are wrapped tightly into the structures we know as chromosomes. This protects the cell's genetic material from physical and chemical damage.
Women Who Have Given Birth Have Shorter Telomeres
Women who have children have shorter telomeres compared to women who have not given birth.
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‘Two antioxidant enzymes that work together to prevent oxidation of telomeric DNA at chromosome ends.’
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The ends of chromosomes are called telomeres . These are specialized structures that have to be replicated with each cell division cycle. But the complete replication of telomeres up to the very ends of chromosomes also requires specialized mechanisms, and these are limited. Telomeres are also very sensitive to oxidative damage, which affects their ability to replicate.
Because of this, telomeres shrink over time, limiting the lifespan of cells. Telomere shortening is essentially the cause of cell aging.
One of the promising targets in cancer therapy is the enzyme telomerase. Normally, telomerase prevents telomeres from shortening in germ and stem cells, which helps with development. But telomerase is also highly active in cancer cells, keeping their telomeres intact and making the cells virtually immortal. The new work shows that disrupting PRDX1 and MTH1 prevents telomerase from counteracting telomere shortening.
![Air Pollution may Shorten Telomeres in Newborns]( "Air Pollution may Shorten Telomeres in Newborns")
Closing coal-burning power plant was beneficial to the health and future well-being of newborns of that area.
So far, attempts to efficiently block telomerase in cancer have not been fruitful in the clinic. The discovery of the co-operating enzymes opens up a new opportunity to indirectly block telomerase. "Instead of inhibiting the enzyme itself, we target its substrate - the chromosome end - making it un-extendable by telomerase," says Lingner.
Source: Eurekalert
One of the promising targets in cancer therapy is the enzyme telomerase. Normally, telomerase prevents telomeres from shortening in germ and stem cells, which helps with development. But telomerase is also highly active in cancer cells, keeping their telomeres intact and making the cells virtually immortal. The new work shows that disrupting PRDX1 and MTH1 prevents telomerase from counteracting telomere shortening.
Air Pollution may Shorten Telomeres in Newborns
Closing coal-burning power plant was beneficial to the health and future well-being of newborns of that area.
Advertisement
So far, attempts to efficiently block telomerase in cancer have not been fruitful in the clinic. The discovery of the co-operating enzymes opens up a new opportunity to indirectly block telomerase. "Instead of inhibiting the enzyme itself, we target its substrate - the chromosome end - making it un-extendable by telomerase," says Lingner.
Source: Eurekalert
Shortened Telomeres Linked to Dysfunction in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
Telomeres specifically in muscle stem cells are abnormally short in teenage boys with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy.
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 Is Telomere Length Associated With the Cognitive Response to a Lifestyle Intervention?Telomeres play an important role in the process of cell division. The beneficial intervention effects on cognition were more among individuals with shorter baseline LTL. | Advertisement
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