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HIV Hideout in Humans Discovered
The researchers found that FDCs, which are located throughout the body in specialized sites known as lymphoid tissue, act as bank vaults storing material necessary to maintain the immune system's armies of antibodies.
If the ranks of a particular antibody dwindle, FDCs release proteins that trigger an immune response boosting levels of specific antibodies. HIV trapped on the surface of FDCs remains highly infectious and genetically diverse even during drug treatment.
This major breakthrough may aid the researchers in finding out how to attack virus hidden by the reservoir cells.
"One of the biggest obstacles in treating patients with HIV is the establishment of these reservoirs that resist treatment. The ability to understand the virus in these reservoirs, and to characterize the reservoir itself, provides information with which we can begin to try to devise strategies that target the virus in these reservoirs," said Greg Burton, a BYU biochemistry professor and principal investigator on the study.
FDC will now join two other types of cells, macrophages and the latently infected CD4+ T cell, which have previously been shown to be reservoirs of HIV.
The FDCs' vault mechanism is so efficient that trapped HIV particles stay out of reach of drugs flowing through the blood stream, leading to persistent infection. It was challenging for researchers to break inside to investigate whether FDCs harbour infectious forms of the virus.
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05/15/2008
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