Polio Labs can be Used to Help Tackle Tropical Diseases

A diverse group of communicable diseases that prevail in tropical and subtropical conditions affect more than one billion people every year. To help tackle neglected tropical diseases, researchers from LSTM have investigated the possibility of utilising the Polio network of 145 labs set up around the world. In 1988, the World Health Organization set out to eradicate polio and established the Global Polio Laboratory Network (GPLN). The labs receive samples from local health clinics where individuals have presented with signs of polio and tests those samples using necessary culture screens and gene-based PCR tests to diagnose the disease. In a paper published in PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases, the team from LSTM, along with colleagues across the COUNTDOWN Consortium, examined the possibility of expanding the tests conducted at GPLN labs to include other pathogens of public health importance, namely soil transmitted helminths and Schistosoma.

First Author, LSTM's Dr Lucas Cunningham, said: "The successful campaign waged against polio has eliminated the disease from most countries where is was once endemic, but there remains a group of diseases, namely NTDs, that affect about a billion people. We set out to see if these laboratories could be potentially expanded to address the need for a molecular diagnostic platform to NTDs, taking advantage of the Ghanaian lab's accumulated experience and resources."

The paper describes a pilot study of the expansion that was carried out in the Ghana GPLN lab where 448 fecal samples were tested. The lab was able to successfully test for helminths, identifying a prevalence of 22% for the combined helminth infections. The design of the current study was not suitable to make any epidemiological conclusions, but did demonstrate the suitability of adapting a GPLN lab for the detection of helminths. Interestingly, 1% of samples were infected with Strongyloides for which there is no surveillance system at all.

"The study demonstrates a potential way forward in the monitoring and control of neglected tropical diseases that could be adapted and included in the legacy plan of the Global Polio Laboratory Network," says LSTM's Dr Emily Adams and the paper's senior author, "we are excited at the prospect of working with this team as we go forward'

Source-Eurekalert