HPV Infections can be Eliminated if Both Genders are Vaccinated

Vaccination of both genders can prevent HPV infections much more effectively than the vaccination of girls only, reveals a new study. The findings of the study are published in the Journal of Infectious Diseases.

A Swedish-Finnish study shows that the Both genders will be offered vaccination in Sweden as of 2020.

Pap smear and Cervical Cancer Screening
Pap smear is the most common test used in screening cervical cancer caused by an infection with human papilloma virus. Pap smear should be repeated every 1 to 3 years till the age of 65 years.

‘HPV causes a variety of cancers, above all, cervical cancer in women and cancer of the oropharynx in women and men. ’

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The researchers began a randomized study in 2007, inviting 80,000 young people between the ages of 12 and 15 from 250 schools in 33 towns to take part. In 11 towns, both boys and girls were given HPV vaccination; in another 11 towns, only girls were vaccinated, and in 11 towns, the participants were vaccinated against a totally different virus (control).

General HPV screening at the age of 19 showed that the vaccination of both genders prevented HPV infections in society much more effectively than the vaccination of girls only. A gender-neutral strategy was also effective in preventing HPV infections in unvaccinated girls.

HPV was included in the Swedish vaccination program in 2012. To date, the vaccine has only been offered to girls, but in 2019 the government decided to offer it to both genders as of autumn 2020.

HPV Screening Test Might Just be Enough for Cervical Cancer Detection
HPV screening test might be a better cervical cancer detection tool than Pap smear test, and thereby the HPV test alone might be sufficient.

"Our study is unique because the entire population of the communities included in the study was invited to take part, and the choice of vaccination strategy was randomized by the community," says Matti Lehtinen, a researcher at the Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, who led the study. "The results have definitely influenced the decision about offering HPV vaccination to boys, which more and more countries are also deciding."

Mathematical modeling was used to calculate what the results of the randomized HPV vaccination study would mean for programs with different vaccination coverage. The improved effectiveness of vaccinating both boys and girls is particularly important if only 80 percent or fewer girls are vaccinated.

Cervical Screening Will Only be Needed Three Times With HPV Vaccine
Now with the HPV vaccine, screening will only be needed three times in women. The new programme called HPV primary testing is set to be introduced in England by December 2019.

"If only girls are offered HPV vaccination, not even a school-based vaccination program will be able to eliminate the most oncogenic HPV type 16, ever," says Simopekka Vänskä, a docent at the Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare and the study’s first author. "Vaccination of both boys and girls with a 75-per cent participation rate can, however, eliminate HPV 16 even in people under 30, which is the segment of the population that is mainly spreading the infection. The elimination will take place only in a few years after the vaccinated cohorts achieve these ages."

The World Health Organisation (WHO) has established the elimination of cervical cancer as a priority objective.

New HPV Vaccine Reduces The Risk Of HPV-Related Diseases
A new improved Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine called 9vHPV has been developed greatly reduces the risk of HPV infection and HPV-related diseases.

"The results of the randomized study of different vaccination strategies now published gives us information about how this objective could be achieved at the earliest possible time," says Lehtinen.

Almost everyone has had at least one sexually transmitted HPV infection in his or her life.

The study was financed by the Academy of Finland and the Cancer Society of Finland. GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals SA financed the constituent study (data to be published separately) and was given an opportunity to check that baseline data from that study were accurately reproduced in the paper in The Journal of Infectious Diseases. The international team of co-authors has received research grants from the Swedish Cancer Society, the Ministry of Health, Government of Catalonia, and the EU’s 6th and 7th Framework Programmes in the context of this study.

Source-Eurekalert