Cell replication process can destabilize if the cell has more than or less than one pair chromosome, finds a new study. This destabilization can led to cancer development. The findings of this study are published in the Journal of Cell Biology.
In mammals, including humans, cells which make up the body are diploids, which means that a cell contains a pair of each chromosome. A non-diploid state destabilizes the properties of the cells, triggering abnormalities, cancers and other serious diseases.
Research Reveals Combining Cell Replication Blocker With Common Cancer Drug Kills Resistant Tumor Cells
An agent that inhibits mitochondrial division can overcome tumor cell resistance to a commonly used cancer drug, researchers have found.
Advertisement
‘Chromosome instability in cancer cells which are often in a non-diploid state can be made use of to develop new cancer treatment strategies.’
Tweet it Now
In asexual reproduction and cancer development, haploid (one set of each chromosome) and tetraploid (four sets of each chromosome) cells are generated, causing chromosomes to become unstable. However, why this instability occurs when the cell is in a non-diploid state has remained unknown.
In the present study, the researchers used human cell lines with different ploidy states -- haploid, diploid and tetraploid -- to investigate the effect of the differences on the cell replication process.
![Beta Cell Replication can be Promoted by Targeting a Cell Cycle Inhibitor]( "Beta Cell Replication can be Promoted by Targeting a Cell Cycle Inhibitor")
The loss of beta cell mass, which results in decreased insulin production, is one of the factors underlying the development of type 2 diabetes.
In normal cells, there are two centrosomes, which are regulators of cell replication. The researchers observed gradual loss of centrosomes in haploid cells and frequent over-duplication of centrosomes in tetraploid cells, both of which triggered frequent abnormalities in the cell replication process.
In addition, researchers found that there were fewer cellular fibers, called microtubules, in haploid cells, and more in tetraploid cells. This was significant, as the number of these fibers was found to be a key factor that changes the efficiency of centrosome duplication, resulting in either centrosome loss or over-duplication. On the other hand, the efficiency of DNA replication, which is another important step in cell replication, remained constant, regardless of a cell's ploidy.
"Incompatibility between centrosome duplication and the DNA replication cycle could be the underlying cause of the instability in non-diploid cells in mammals," says Ryota Uehara. "Our findings could help understand chromosome instability in cancer cells, which are often in a non-diploid state, and lead to new cancer treatment strategies."
Source: Eurekalert
Beta Cell Replication can be Promoted by Targeting a Cell Cycle Inhibitor
The loss of beta cell mass, which results in decreased insulin production, is one of the factors underlying the development of type 2 diabetes.
Advertisement
In normal cells, there are two centrosomes, which are regulators of cell replication. The researchers observed gradual loss of centrosomes in haploid cells and frequent over-duplication of centrosomes in tetraploid cells, both of which triggered frequent abnormalities in the cell replication process.
In addition, researchers found that there were fewer cellular fibers, called microtubules, in haploid cells, and more in tetraploid cells. This was significant, as the number of these fibers was found to be a key factor that changes the efficiency of centrosome duplication, resulting in either centrosome loss or over-duplication. On the other hand, the efficiency of DNA replication, which is another important step in cell replication, remained constant, regardless of a cell's ploidy.
"Incompatibility between centrosome duplication and the DNA replication cycle could be the underlying cause of the instability in non-diploid cells in mammals," says Ryota Uehara. "Our findings could help understand chromosome instability in cancer cells, which are often in a non-diploid state, and lead to new cancer treatment strategies."
Source: Eurekalert
Sperm Cells of Fruitfly Unveil Complex Coordination in Stem Cell Replication
Stem cell division is regulated at the final stage of replication called cytokinesis, which is temporarily blocked and reversed when the division is complete.
Advertisement
 Method With Which Protein Component That Enables Cell Replication Gets Ferried to Chromosome Tips Shown By New ResearchDon't you think that stem cells are special? | Advertisement
|
Advertisement
Recommended Readings
Latest Research News
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks are detected in approximately 1-3% of adults who have experienced a traumatic brain injury.
The optogenetic activation of hippocampal astrocytes can be viewed as a novel therapeutic avenue for addressing Alzheimer's disease.
In Alzheimer's disease condition, the control and adjustment of ABCA7 levels in response to inflammation and the decrease in the availability of cholesterol.
Atopic dermatitis (AD) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) can lead to alterations in the microbiome, and disruptions in the skin and gut barrier.
Gaining insights into mortality risks among vitiligo patients will enhance patient counseling, healthcare monitoring, and overall patient management strategies.
