Decoding Anxiety Vs. Panic: A Guide to Knowing the Difference

A guide to understanding the difference between anxiety attacks and panic attacks.

Highlights:

Anxiety attacks and panic attacks are distinct experiences often mistakenly used interchangeably, despite overlapping characteristics
Anxiety attacks gradually build over time and are rooted in current circumstances, while panic attacks strike suddenly in response to perceived threats
Panic attacks have clinical recognition in the DSM-5, whereas anxiety episodes lack formal diagnostic recognition

‘Anxiety attacks’ and ‘panic attacks’ are terms that are frequently used interchangeably and are sometimes viewed as synonyms for experiencing perfectly reasonable apprehension over, for instance, an approaching exam. They do, however, describe different experiences, despite the fact that they overlap.

A panic attack can strike suddenly, triggered by the mere thought of a perceived threat. Namita Ruparel, an assistant professor at the Jindal Institute of Behavioural Sciences, explains that panic attacks are abrupt, while anxiety attacks gradually build over time and are typically rooted in one's current circumstances.

Anxiety Disorder - Types - Causes - Symptoms - Diagnosis - Treatment - FAQs
Anxiety disorder involves excessive worry about actual circumstances, events or conflicts. Anyone can develop this disorder. Genes may play a role.

‘Women are twice more likely to experience anxiety and panic attacks than men.’

Anxiety encompasses a range of unpleasant thoughts accompanied by concern, tension, uneasiness, and intrusive thoughts about the future. This condition can impact heart rate, blood pressure, and insulin levels ().

When panic attacks occur regularly without an apparent cause, they are diagnosed as panic disorder. While bereavement, a family history of the condition, or neurochemical imbalances are often associated with panic attacks, their precise origins remain unknown. Interestingly, some individuals can experience panic attacks without a history of anxiety or a diagnosed anxiety disorder ().

Panic attacks have clinical recognition in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-5), whereas anxiety episodes are not officially recognized.

Panic Attacks and a Guide to Recognizing Them

The DSM-5 outlines the criteria for identifying a panic attack, requiring the presence of at least four of the following symptoms:

Racing heart
Chest discomfort
Shortness of breath
Sweating
Trembling
Choking sensation
Nausea
Dizziness
Chills or hot flashes
Numbness or tingling in the body
Disassociation from the environment or reality
A pervasive sense of doom accompanied by a fear of losing control

Although anxiety episodes lack formal diagnostic recognition, they are still valid experiences.

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Signs and symptoms of anxiety attacks may vary, as they are open to interpretation. Different individuals may describe having an "anxiety attack" while exhibiting diverse symptoms, making it challenging to define universally.

Experts agree that the acute symptoms of panic attacks are generally more intense than those of anxiety episodes. Panic attacks often feel like a wave of dread engulfing the individual, triggered by a perceived threat or built-up fear over time. On the other hand, panic attacks can occur at any moment, whereas anxiety attacks are often triggered by specific situations.

Duration also sets anxiety episodes and panic attacks apart. Panic attacks tend to be shorter, lasting a few minutes on average, although they can occasionally be longer or shorter. In contrast, anxiety episodes can last up to 30 minutes, creating a sense of time distortion during the event. Thankfully, treatments for both anxiety attacks and panic attacks are available. Short-term remedies like breathing exercises and grounding techniques can provide immediate relief, while long-term solutions such as therapy and medication offer sustained support.

Avoid Telling Someone Experiencing a Panic Attack to "Not Worry"

However, it's crucial to avoid telling someone experiencing a panic attack to "not worry." Psychiatrist Dr. Ramnarine Boodoo emphasizes that such a statement can increase their anxiety levels, as it suggests stopping something they are unable to control at that moment.

Using accurate terminology is essential, as it facilitates proper diagnosis and treatment. Misusing terms can hinder progress and lead individuals to doubt the seriousness of their symptoms. In a society where mental health is still often overlooked, this can be particularly challenging to cope with.

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By understanding the distinctions between anxiety attacks and panic attacks, individuals can better navigate their mental health journeys, seek appropriate help, and foster a deeper understanding of their experiences.

References:

Biological markers for anxiety disorders, OCD and PTSD: A consensus statement. Part II: Neurochemistry, neurophysiology and neurocognition - (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27419272/)
Panic Disorder - (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28613692/)

Source-Medindia