Fracture-First Aid and Emergency Treatment Guide

What is Fracture?

• A broken or cracked bone
• Occurs when pressure is applied to bone 
• Occurs with / without displacement of bone fragments

Types of Fracture

• Open fracture: Skin breaks causing open wound
• Closed fracture: Skin not broken 
• Complicated fractures: Damage of adjacent organs
• Stress fracture: Hairline crack due to repeated stress
• Greenstick fracture: In children's flexible bones

Symptoms of Fracture

• Severe pain 
• Difficulty in movement
• Swelling/ bruising / bleeding 
• Deformity / abnormal twist of limb
• Tenderness on applying pressure

First-aid for Fracture

• Depends on type & location of fracture

For open fractures

• Control bleeding before treatment
• Rinse and dress the wound

For open / closed fractures

• Check the breathing 
• Calm the person 
• Examine for other injuries
• Immobilize the broken wound 
• Apply ice to reduce pain / swelling
• Consult a doctor 

DO NOT

• Massage the affected area
• Straighten the broken bone 
• Move without support to broken bone
• Move joints above / below the fracture
• Give oral liquids / food

Prevention

• Wear protective pads / helmets when driving
• Teach children / practice, safe habits