Broken Hearts may be Mended by Gene Switch

By converting injured cells into healthy beating muscle cells using microRNA, researchers have for the first time come up with a new approach to repair damaged hearts.

After a heart attack, heart muscle doesn't easily regenerate and it accumulates scar tissue, made up of cells called fibroblasts - increasing risk for heart failure.

"Researchers have tried various approaches, including the use of stem cells, to regenerate damaged heart muscle tissue," said Victor J. Dzau, M.D., the study's senior author and James B. Duke Professor of Medicine at Duke University Medical Center in Durham, N.C.

"This is the first study to use microRNA, which are small molecules that control gene expression, to reprogram fibroblasts into heart muscle cells. We have not only shown evidence of this tissue regeneration in cell cultures, but also in mice."

Using microRNA is simpler than many other tissue-regenerating approaches, said Dzau, who is also Chancellor for Health Affairs at Duke University.

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For example, stem cells aren't easy to work with and have ethical issues surrounding their use, he said.

"This research represents a major advance in regenerative medicine overcoming the difficulties encountered with stem cells, and may be applied to other conditions of tissue damage such as stroke and spinal cord injury."

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MicroRNAs serve as master switches. Each microRNA regulates genes, turning them on or off. Dzau's team identified a combination of three microRNA types that convert fibroblasts to muscle cells.

Researchers will next study whether microRNAs repair damaged hearts in larger animals and improve heart function. If those studies prove safe and effective, they will start human studies, Dzau said.

Heart Attack - Overview
Heart attack is the death of the heart muscle due to loss of blood supply. Heart disease is the leading cause of death in the United States. Other names for heart attack include acute myocardial infarction, coronary thrombosis, and coronary occlusion.

"If everything comes to fruition, I think we will see this as a therapy in the next decade," Dzau said.

"Conceivably, we'll use it to regenerate hearts damaged by heart attacks, avoiding heart failure and saving lives," Dzau added.

The study has been published in Circulation Research, an American Heart Association journal.

Source-ANI