Blood Test To Spot Kids at Risk of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome

Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders are a range of physical and mental disabilities that can affect a child's development and have long-lasting consequences.

Drinking alcohol during pregnancy carries a health risk for the child but alcohol consumption during early pregnancy still occurs.

Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) are a range of physical and mental disabilities that can affect a child's development and have long-lasting consequences. Symptoms of FASD vary from individual to individual but can include physical changes, such as slightly different facial characteristics and smaller heads. Children may also weigh less and be shorter in stature than average.

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) - Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment, Prevention
Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) is a group of physical and mental defects that occur in the fetus due to alcohol consumption by the mother during pregnancy.

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Alcohol exposure in early pregnancy alters microRNA circulation which can be marked in the mothers whose child showed neurobehavioral or physical signs due to alcohol within the first 12 months of life.

FASD often includes cognitive difficulties and behavioral issues - for instance, impaired attention, memory, and speech development. One of the major issues facing clinicians is that the extent of the alcohol damage is difficult to gauge until later in the child's life.

"It's a huge problem, but we might not realize the full scope because infants born with normal-looking physical features may be missed, making many cases difficult to diagnose early," says co-senior author Prof. Rajesh Miranda, of the Texas A&M College of Medicine.

Teams of scientists from the University of California-San Diego School of Medicine, Texas A&M College of Medicine, and the Omni-Net Birth Defects Prevention Program in Ukraine recently combined their efforts to design a solution.

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Alcohol exposure during early pregnancy changed the amount of circulating small RNA molecules, called microRNAs (miRNAs). These changes in miRNAs were particularly marked in the mothers whose child showed neurobehavioral or physical signs due to alcohol within the first 12 months of life.

Prof. Miranda says: "Collectively, our data indicate that maternal plasma miRNAs may help predict infant outcomes and may be useful to classify difficult-to-diagnose FASD subpopulations."

Alcohol Use Disorder | Alcoholism
Alcohol use disorder or alcoholism is an inability to control drinking. It can cause short term and long term physical, as well as psychological effects on the patient.

FASD cannot be cured, but in some cases, children can benefit from early interventions, where exposure to alcohol could potentially be reduced. As Dr. Wladimir Wertelecki, leader of the team in Ukraine, says: "Good nutrition, better perinatal healthcare, lowering stress levels, and infant care interventions can all improve the outcome of alcohol-affected pregnancies."

Prof. Miranda says: "If we can reset developmental trajectories earlier in life, it is a lot easier than trying to treat disabilities later in life." Identifying mothers and infants who are most at risk will enable healthcare providers to ensure they receive extra care and support.