No Evidence to Show Narcolepsy is an Autoimmune Disease

Researchers at Stanford University School of Medicine in California have found evidence that narcolepsy, a disorder that causes periods of extreme daytime sleepiness, is an autoimmune disease.

On comparing the immune cells of narcolepsy patients with those of healthy controls, researchers found the presence of T cells specific to hypocretin, the hormone which is responsible for keeping you awake. The researchers said that in narcolepsy patients, the immune system accidentally attacks brain cells that produce hypocretin, thereby causing the condition.

Writing in their report, published in the journal Science Translational Medicine, the researchers also found a link between the T cells and the H1N1 flu infection of 2009. The researchers found that the T cells that are primed to attack H1N1 pathogens sometimes react negatively with hypocretin and destroy hypocretin-producing neurons.

"This study will shape the next decade of research into narcolepsy. It will focus investigators on immune-mediated mechanisms of neuronal death, which ultimately may shed light on other autoimmune diseases, particularly of the brain. By giving us a new way to think about how neurons in these patients die, it also suggests new therapeutic approaches that we would not have considered if we hadn't learned that this is an autoimmune disease", Elizabeth Mellins, an immunology researcher and professor of pediatrics at Stanford, said.

Source: Medindia