Nanodiamond-Insulin Clusters Can Accelerate Healing Process And Decrease Infection

Previous studies done by researchers have identified insulin as an important new weapon for fighting infection and healing wounds.

Now, using tiny nanodiamonds, researchers at Northwestern University have shown an innovative method for delivering and releasing this curative hormone at a specific location over a period of time.

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They have shown that the nanodiamond-insulin clusters hold promise for wound-healing applications and could be integrated into gels, ointments, bandages or suture materials.

A major challenge in biomedicine is the localized release of a therapy. The new method takes advantage of a condition typically found at a wound site-skin pH levels can reach very basic levels during the repair and healing process.

The researchers found that the insulin, bound firmly to the tiny carbon-based nanodiamonds, is released when it encounters basic pH levels, similar to those commonly observed in bacterially infected wounds.

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These basic pH levels are significantly greater than the physiological pH level of 7.4.

"This study introduces the concept of nanodiamond-mediated release of therapeutic proteins," said lead author Dean Ho, assistant professor of biomedical engineering and mechanical engineering at the McCormick School of Engineering and Applied Science.

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"It's a tricky problem because proteins, even small ones like insulin, bind so well to the nanodiamonds. But, in this case, the right pH level effectively triggers the release of the insulin," Ho added.

A substantial amount of insulin can be loaded onto the nanodiamonds, which have a high surface area.

The nanodiamond-insulin clusters, by releasing insulin in alkaline wound areas, could accelerate the healing process and decrease the incidence of infection.

Ho says this ability to release therapeutics from the nanodiamonds on demand represents an exciting strategy towards enhancing the specificity of wound treatment.

In their studies, Ho and his colleagues showed that the insulin was very tightly bound to the nanodiamonds when in an aqueous solution near the normal physiological pH level.

Measurements of insulin function revealed that the protein was virtually inactive when bound to the nanodiamonds-a beneficial property for preventing excess or unnecessary drug release.

Upon increasing the pH to the basic levels commonly observed in the skin during severe burns, the researchers confirmed the insulin was released from the nanodiamond clusters and retained its function.

Exploiting this pH-mediated release mechanism may provide unique advantages for enhanced drug delivery methods.

The results of the study were published online July 26 by the journal Biomaterials.

Source-ANI
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