A Powerful Instrument For Parkinson's Treatment On The Anvil

Researchers at Department of Energy's Oak Ridge National Laboratory are developing a powerful instrument for physicians to use in treating patients with Parkinson's syndrome, brain tumours and other diseases by miniaturizing a device that monitors the delivery of healthy cells.

Boyd Evans III of the lab's Measurement Science and Systems Engineering Division said that while cell replacement therapies can be effective, the challenge is to deliver a sufficient quantity of healthy cells.

About Parkinson's Disease
Parkinson's Disease is a chronic, progressive, brain disorder common among the elderly. It affects coordination between the brain and the muscles

"Regardless of the source of cells and the location of delivery, there is a great need to improve cell viability after the cells are transplanted. The vast majority of transplanted cells do not survive more than 24 hours regardless of their source," Evans said.

Studies have shown that merely implanting more cells does not necessarily increase the number that survive and differentiate into dopamine-producing, or viable, cells in Parkinson's models. The key is being able to deliver precise quantities of healthy cells to a targeted location.

This requires the ability to determine if the cells are viable upon delivery and the ability to make meaningful measurements. ORNL's proprietary instrumented cell delivery catheter allows physicians to do just that.

Parkinson's Disease
Slide animation on Parkinson disease. It is a progressive movement disorder due to degeneration of nerve cells of the substantia nigra of the brain. The symptoms get worse with time but drugs or surgery can control them. PD cannot be cured.

"Our approach consists of monitoring cells that are implanted using a catheter equipped with a fiber optic probe to perform fluorescence-based cytometric measurements on cells as they exit the port at the catheter tip," Evans said.

These measurements confirm that the cell is alive and provide indications of the cell's health.

About Brain Tumor
Brain tumors are the abnormal growth of brain cells that may be benign or metastatic. Brain tumors account for about 2.4% of all the tumor diagnosesandare most challenging due to their critically delicate location.

"What we have done is taken the function of a laboratory instrument and put it on the tip of a catheter that can make measurements inside the brain," Evans said.

According to Evans, results from several studies underscore the value of delivering a highly controlled amount of tissue into the host brain, and understanding cell viability at the delivery point is critical for meaningful comparison of experimental results.

Catheter Technique Less Invasive and Risky Than Age-old Brain Surgery
Catheter technique is less invasive and risky than traditional brain surgery that involves cutting a large opening in the skull, according to new generation of neuroscientists.

The instrumented catheter is part of a larger effort to develop a complete system for collecting healthy tissue from an individual who is both the donor and recipient, expanding this tissue in vitro and implanting the tissue under monitored conditions.

Source-ANI
LIN