Tens of thousands of the estimated 250,000 child soldiers worldwide are abused or have been abused during the last decade in Africas Great Lakes Region, according to background information in the article. Christophe Pierre Bayer, L.L.B., of University Clinic Hamburg, Germany, and colleagues conducted a study to assess the prevalence of PTSD symptoms in 169 former Ugandan and Congolese child soldiers and to examine how PTSD symptoms are associated with these childrens openness to reconciliation and feelings of revenge on the person or group they consider their enemy.
The participants, age 11-18 years, were living in rehabilitation centers in Uganda and the Democratic Republic of the Congo at the time of the study in 2005.
Of the 169 former child soldiers interviewed, 34.9 percent met symptom criteria for PTSD. Children who showed clinically relevant symptoms of PTSD had significantly less openness to reconciliation and significantly more feelings of revenge than those with fewer symptoms.
The children reported that they had been (violently) recruited by armed forces at a young age (average, 12 years), had served an average of 38 months, and had been demobilized an average of 2.3 months before participating in this study. They reported having been exposed to a high level of potentially traumatic events (average, 11.1).
The most commonly reported traumatic experiences were having witnessed shooting, having witnessed someone being wounded, and having been seriously beaten. A total of 54.4 percent reported having killed someone, and 27.8 percent reported that they were forced to engage in sexual contact.