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Revision of WHO Guidelines for Treating Some HIV-infected Women Influenced by OCTANE Study
The study demonstrated that the single dose of nevirapine used to prevent mother-to-child transmission of HIV can hamper the drug's effectiveness if it is also used later as part of a regimen to treat these same individuals.
The Phase III study, called Optimal Combination Therapy after Nevirapine Exposure (OCTANE), enrolled 745 women at 10 sites in seven African countries to address the critical question around nevirapine resistance. The drug nevirapine is inexpensive and accessible, and is widely used in resource-constrained settings for both treating HIV and preventing mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT).
The Adult AIDS Clinical Trials Group conducted the study with funding from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), part of the U.S. National Institutes of Health. The U.S. Military HIV Research Program's (MHRP) network site in Kericho, Kenya, the Kenya Medical Research Institute/Walter Reed Project, and another partner site in Eldoret, Kenya, participated in the study and enrolled 74 participants.
"This is very exciting news indeed!" said Dr. Fred Sawe, MHRP partner and the local principal investigator for the OCTANE study in Kericho. "We now have a definite answer to a problem that has continued to haunt us for the last 10 years. Given the infrastructure we have so far built in PMTCT programs, we can now minimize use of single dose only nevirapine-based interventions, increase access to more efficacious regimens, and provide better care to women who have been exposed to single-dose nevirapine without slowing down the progress of eliminating pediatric AIDS: a win-win situation of great public health importance."
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