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Cervical Screening for Under 25s Have Little Impact on Cancer Rates
A second study shows that the risk of developing pre-cancerous lesions on the surface of the cervix (known as cervical intraepithelial neoplasia or CIN) is much higher in women with persistent human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, especially the high-risk HPV types 16 and 18.
Together, these findings highlight the challenges faced by policy makers in balancing the benefits and harms of screening women at different ages and at different levels of risk.
In 2003, cervical screening in England was moved to start at age 25 as it was felt it did more harm than good in younger women. But recent public controversy has led the government to review whether women aged 20-24 should be offered smear tests, as they are in Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland.
So researchers at Queen Mary, University of London set out to study the impact of screening on risk of cervical cancer at different ages. They identified 4,012 women aged 20-69 diagnosed with cervical cancer between 1990 and 2008 and a matched group of 7,889 healthy controls of the same age and living in the same area.
They found no evidence that screening women aged 22-24 reduced the incidence of cervical cancer over the next five years (at ages 25-29).
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