Wonderful Stages of Pregnancy - Slideshow

Reviewed by The Medindia Medical Review Team on Apr 18, 2015

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Pregnancy

Normally, pregnancy lasts around 40 weeks, with three trimesters. The duration is calculated from the beginning of the last menstrual period, though the fetus develops only two weeks after the menstrual period. Pregnancy occurs when the female egg is fertilized by the male sperm during the ovulation stage (days 11 to 21 of the monthly cycle) in the woman. The monthly cycle ranges from the first day of menstruation to the first day of the next menstruation and averages 28 to 32 days. The word pregnant originates from Latin, where prae indicates 'before' and gnasci indicates 'to be born'.

First Trimester

The length of a pregnancy is normally divided into three trimesters:

First trimester 1 to 12 weeks

Second trimester 13 to 28 weeks

Third trimester 29 to 40 weeks

The colour of the hair, eyes, and the gender of the baby are determined at conception.

1st and 2nd Weeks of Pregnancy

No drastic changes in the body during menstruation and the week following menstruation.

Change in lifestyle: During conception, avoid alcohol, caffeine, smoking, and medications. Those with medical conditions should discuss the necessary precautions to observe, with their family physician.

3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th Week

Discharge from the vagina

Cramping, Acute exhaustion, Headache

Menstruation is halted

Morning sickness

Nausea

Loss or gain of weight

Heartburn

Outward projection of nipples, swollen breasts

Spotting of blood

Chances of a miscarriage, if excess bleeding occurs with major cramping

Issues with prenatal vitamins - constipation

A pregnancy test measures the hcG hormone levels and confirms pregnancy. Women should consume prenatal vitamins that contain between .8 to 1 mg folic acid and a high iron content, for the baby's and their health.

Fetal Changes during 3rd, 4th, 5th 6th Week

The fetus consists of cells (blastocyst) that is the size of a pin and ranges from 0.078 inches to 3/4th inch long.

Part of the blastocyst forms the placenta and releases the human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG).

The heart, spinal cord, brain, skin, circulatory system, gastrointestinal tract, lungs, thyroid, pancreas, eyes, ears, skeleton, and the gastrointestinal tract begin to develop at this stage.

Heart beats steadily

Tadpole-shaped fetus

Development of brain

Webbed hands and legs

Lungs, nose, jaw bones form

7th, 8th, 9th, 10th Week

First major visit to the doctor (around 8-12 weeks). Medical history and tests, such as ultrasound, cervical cultures, pap smear are conducted.

Morning sickness

Consumption of frequent small meals

Frequent urination

Strong tastes and distastes

Increase in blood volume by 40% to 50%

Heartburn

Mood changes

Growing uterus but no visible signs

Fetal Changes during 7th, 8th, 9th, 10th Week

1 to 2 inches long

Eyelids, ears, hair, tongue, facial features, external genitalia begin to form

Elbows, toenails, fingernails, and toes are observed

Embryonic tail disappears

Body straightens out

Muscles contract

Maturation of lungs, kidneys, and heart

Swallows amniotic fluid

11th and 12th Week

End of first trimester

Increased hair and nail growth

Darkening of areola of the breasts

Dark patches in the skin (chloasma)

Second time pregnant women may require maternity clothes

Perform vaginal exercises - Kegel exercises

No visible signs of pregnancy

Weight gain - 1.3 to 1.8 kgs

Fetal Changes during 11th and 12th Week

2.5 - 3.15 inches long

Nearly completed external genitalia

Transparent skin

Bones begin to harden

Continued maturation of nervous system

Kidneys are able to secrete urine

Eyes and ears move closer

Second Trimester 13th and 14th Week

Morning sickness may subside

Heartburn

Tight fitting clothes are replaced with loose clothes or maternity clothes

Colostrum starts to form in the large nodular breast

Veins are visible below the breast skin

Stretch marks appear (Vitamin E, alpha hydroxy acids, exercise prevent the marks)

Fetal Changes during Second Trimester 13th and 14th Week

Head is 1/3rd of total body length

3.75 to 4 inches long; weighs < 0.05 kg

Soft, fine hair (lanugo) covers the body

Fully functional kidneys and urinary tract

Spleen produces red blood cells, liver produces bile

Arms lengthen and become proportional

Continued development of brain - facial expressions

15th and 16th Week

2.27 kgs weight gain

Uterus may be felt 5 to 6 inches below the belly button

Start sleeping on the side

Pregnancy glow - Increased blood circulation (50%), increased secretion of oily glands

Uterus weighs 1/4kg

Fetal Changes during 15th and 16th Week

4.75 to 5.31 inches long; 57 to 70 grams in weight

Eyes move closer towards the nose

Ears continue to develop

Babies may suck their thumb

Erect head

Circulatory system, urinary system functions normally

Heart pumps approximately 25 quarts of blood each day

17th, 18th, 19th Week

Enlarged abdomen, uterus pushes the intestines upwards and to the side of the abdomen

Women may develop sciatic nerve pain and sharp pain around the abdomen or hip region (round ligament pain)

Women may experience low blood pressure, dizziness, and should move slowly while standing up from a sitting position

Alpha fetoprotein test

Take short naps

Fetal Changes during 17th, 18th, 19th Week

5.75 to 7 inches long; weighs 110 to 200 grams

Improved hearing

Umbilical cord is longer and thicker

Formation of fat tissue and genitalia

Myelin covers the nerves

Hair starts to sprout on the scalp

Regions in the brain controlling senses are getting specialized

20th, 21st, 22nd Week

Each week there is a gain of 230 to 450 grams.

Comfortable period of pregnancy

Varicose veins may develop with weight gain

Frequent rests reduce swelling in feet

Uterus is 3/4 inch above the belly button

Fetal Changes during 20th, 21st, 22nd Week

7.75 to 10 inches long; weighs 260 to 400 grams

A white material called vernix caseosa covers the baby

Meconium (the first excretion) starts to be produced.

Baby starts to move and mother feels the movements

Eyes, eyelids, eyebrows completely form; nonpigmented iris

Continued development of pancreas

Wrinkled skin

Appears like a newborn baby but is much smaller

23rd, 24th, 25th, 26th Week

Approximate gain of 5.4 to 10 kgs

Uterus increases 1.5 to 2.5 inches above the belly button

Colourless and odorless amniotic fluid may be discharged - one must immediately consult a physician

Itchy skin due to stretching or dryness

Dryness of eyes - Moisten with artificial tears

Glucose screening test checks for gestational diabetes

Fetal Changes during 23rd, 24th, 25th, 26th Week

11 to 14 inches long; weighs 450 to 900 grams

Body's soft hair (lanugo) darkens

Rapid development of brain, lungs, taste buds

Color and texture of hair develops

Significant development of ear nerves

Testicles begin descending into the scrotum in boys

27th, 28th, 29th Week - Third Trimester

Weight gain of 7.7 to 11.3 kgs

Acute sense of baby's movements

Constipation and abdomen pain

Cramps in legs

Hemorrhoids

Insomnia

Uterus is 3.5 to 4 inches above the belly button

Doctor's appointment is every 2 weeks until the 36th week

Essential nutrients at this stage - calcium, iron, protein, folic acid, and vitamin C

Fetal Changes during 27th, 28th, 29th Week - Third Trimester

13.75 to 14.5 inches long; weighs 1 to 1.2 kg

Opens and closes eyes in a regular sleep and wake cycle

Brain ventricles develop

Baby looks more rounded

Further development of eyebrows, eyelashes, and skin hair

30th, 31st , 32nd, 33rd Week

Insomnia

Exhaustion

Mood changes

Joints become loose

Shoe size changes

Uterus extends below the rib cage - 5 inches above the belly button

Potential small contractions (Braxton-Hick)

Small quantities of colostrum may leak

Hemorrhoids

Increased heartburn

Difficulty breathing

Weight gain - 10-12.7 kg

Potential breakage of water sac with release of amniotic fluid

Greenish discharge indicates infection

Fetal Changes during 30th, 31st , 32nd, 33rd Week

15.15-16.5 inches long; weighs 1.4-2.3 kg

Distinguishes between light and dark

Fat layer develops

Toenails and fingernails are complete

Fully formed delicate skeleton

Hardening of all skeletal bones except the skull.

34th, 35th , 36th Week

Amniotic fluid peaks between 34-36 weeks

Uterus is 5.5-6 inches above the belly button

Once a week appointments with the physician

Weight gain - 10.9-13.2 kg

Lightening - Baby drops down to settle in the pelvic area and pushes against the bladder

Frequent bathroom trips

Increased Braxton-Hick contractions

Fetal Changes during 34th, 35th , 36th Week

17.5-19 inches long; weighs 2.3-3.1 kg

Fat formation under the skin regulates temperature

Well developed lungs

Nervous system continues to develop

Baby's movements slow down

Baby swallows the lanugo and the vernix caseosa surrounding the baby's body.

Baby's head starts to point in the downwards direction.

37th, 38th, 39th, 40th week - Time for Delivery!

Weight gain: 11.3-15.9 kg

Decrease in amniotic fluid

Increased Braxton-Hick contractions

Mucus plug may be released in preparation for labor

Increased swelling in hands and feet (potential pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH)/toxemia/preeclampsia)

Fetal Changes during 37th, 38th, 39th, 40th Week

18-21 inches long; weighs 2.7-4.5 kg

One should discuss the options of changing the baby's breech position with the doctor.

Formation of new skin cells

Soft skull bones to enable passage through the birth canal.

Head is cone shaped but the shape can be modified by gentle massaging.

2 soft spots (front and back) on the head.