What are the Different Water Borne Diseases?
Disease which are transmitted by drinking contaminated water
| Disease | Symptoms | Transmission | Treatment |
Bacillary Dysentery/
Shigellosis | - Abdominal pain
- Watery diarrhea
- Mild fever
- Abdominal cramps
- Paint
- Frequent stools with bloody mucus
| Bacillary dysentery is caused by four species of the Genus Shigella- Shigella
sonnei - Shigella
flexneri - Shigella
dysenteriae - Shigella
boydii
Shigella species spread by faecal-oral route | - Maintain the loss of body fluids by giving Oral re hydration salt solution.
- Antibiotic treatment for children and aged people
- Ampicillin
- Cotrimoxazole
- Tetracycline
- Ciprofloxacin
|
| Cholera | - Nausea
- Vomiting
- Profuse diarrhea with abdominal cramps.
- "Rice water" stool containing mucus, epithelial cells and bacteria.
- Rapid loss of fluid, electrolytes, which leads to profound dehydration, circulatory collapse.
- Cholera is transmitted by drinking water or eating food contaminated with Vibrio cholerae.
- Floodwaters can carry V. cholerae and contaminate drinking water supplies.
- Eating raw or under cooked seafood.
Sanitation, food safety and hygiene practices are inadequate. | - Oral re-hydration salts to replace the loss of fluids and salts.
- In severe cases antibiotics used are -
Tetracycline
Cotrimoxazole
Erythromycin
Doxycycline
Chloramphenicol
Furazolidone
|
| Hepatitis A | - Nausea
- Vomiting
- Anorexia
- Fever
- Jaundice
| - Transmitted by faecal-oral route due to faecal contamination of Hepatitis A virus.
- Causes Infectious Hepatitis.
- Mortality rate 0.5%
| - Prevention of faecal contamination.
- Personal hygiene
- Use of Immune globulin (IG)
- Hepatitis A virus vaccine available.
|
| Typhoid fever | - Diarrhea
- headache
- malaise
- nausea
- vomiting
- enteric fever
- Gastroenteritis
| - Water-borne disease transmitted by contaminated water containing
Salmonella typhi and Salmonella paratyphi causes Typhoid and Paratyphoid fevers. | - Prevention of faecal contamination which causes water borne disease
- Chloramphenicol
Ciprofloxacin
Co-trimoxazole |
| Malaria | - Fever
- Chills
- Sweating
- Headaches
- Muscle pains
- Nausea
- Vomiting
| - Transmission of parasite Plasmodium species from infected person to other person by the bite of female anopheles mosquito.
| - Personal prophylaxis-Apply Repellent creams, use mosquito nets
- Destroying the larval, pupa and adult stages of mosquito by insecticide, biological methods, and physical methods.
- Treatment of infected person:
- Quininederivatives
- Acridine derivatives
- 4 and 8 Aminoquinolines
|
| Disease | Symptoms | Transmission | Treatment |
| Dengue fever | - High fever
- Severe headache
- Backache
- Joint pains
- Nausea
- vomiting
- Eye pain
- Rash
| - Dengue is transmitted by the Mosquito vector Aedes mosquito which is infected with dengue virus.
- Spreads directly from person to person.
| - Effective mosquito control of Aedes aegypti.
- Early clinical diagnosis
- Analgesics and Fluid Replacement Therapy.
|
Ascariasis/
Round worm Infestations | Symptoms include- Cough
- Wheezing
- Fever
- Abdominal pain due to intestinal blockage
| - Parasitic infection caused by round worm Ascaris lumbricoides.
- Transmitted by eating uncooked contaminated food containing eggs of the worm.
- Children's mostly get infected by putting their hands to their mouths after playing in contaminated soil.
| - Avoid contamination of water with Ascaris eggs.
- Proper disposal of night soil.
- Washing of fruits and vegetables before eating.
- Personal hygiene of washing hands.
|
| Campylobacteriosis | - Diarrhea
- Abdominal pain
- Malaise
- Fever
- Nausea
- Vomiting
| - Zoonotic disease caused by Campylobacter jejuni.
causes
Gastroenteritis worldwide.
| - Drinking chlorinated water
- Proper sewage disposal
- Complete cooking.
- Personal hygiene
- Avoid drinking raw milk.
- Treatment includes providing Re-hydration therapy with Antibiotics.
|
| Giardiasis | - Diarrhea
- Mal-absorption of fat
- Abdominal
- cramps
- Nausea
- Loss of appetite
- Vomiting
- Fever
| - Food and water contaminated by human and animal faeces.
- Spread by direct contact with infected persons.
- Poor sanitation and poor faecal - oral hygiene.
| - Improved water supply.
- Proper disposal of human faeces.
- Maintenance of food and personal hygiene.
- Health education.
- Treat with drugs like-
Metronidazole
Tinidazole
Quinacrine hydrochloride.
|
Published on Nov 12, 2014
Last Updated on Nov 04, 2020
