Diploid Cell: Having two sets of chromosomes (46) in humans.
Hybrid: An offspring of parents belonging to two different species,example mule which is the offspring of a horse and donkey.
Mutation: An inheritable change in the gene or the chromosome.
Wild Type: An organism having a normal phenotype.
Mutant: An organism harboring a mutation.
Trisomy: A condition, which arises due to the presence of an extra chromosome.An example is Down syndrome, where the individual has an extra chromosome 21.
Mitosis: A division by which the cells reproduce, wherein the resultant cells are the replica of the parent cell.
Meiosis: A special kind of cell division,called reduction division, that takes place in the testes and the ovaries, which produces eggs and sperms that are haploid.
Consanguinous marriage: A marriage between two closely related individuals.
Euploidy: When an organism has the regular chromosome number,example 46 chromosomes in humans, it is euploid.
Aneuploidy: When an organism has an abnormal number of chromosomes as in Down Syndrome,it is known as aneuploidy.