Structural Defects - Neural Tube Defects

The most common forms of NTDs are-

• Spina bifida
• Anencephaly

Spina bifida- When the closure defect is lower down in the neural tube, it gives rise to a condition commonly referred to as spina bifida. Spina bifida is of different types; the severity of the condition depends on the extent of the defect. Some patients with less severe types of spina bifida may live for many years with mild disabilities. The most severe form of spina bifida is characterized by paralysis or weakness below the level of the defect. Patients with such defects often have very poor control in terms of the bowel and bladder habits.

Anencephaly- When the closure failure occurs close to the upper end of the neural tube in the developing fetus, it gives rise to a condition called as ‘anencephaly’ meaning ‘no brain’. The brain and the associated structures lie exposed and highly disorganized. It usually results in a stillbirth, or death within the first few days of birth.