Cytoplasm: The organelles and the fluid in a living cell other than the nucleus.

Homeostasis: Physiological balance in an organism or cell.

Oxidative stress: Imbalance between production of free radicals and the ability of the cell to detoxify their harmful effects on the body.

Necrosis: Changes due to death of cells or organs.

Neurodegeneration: Progressive loss of structure or function of the nerve cells.

Tumorigenesis: The production or formation of tumor.