Why Each COVID Wave Affects the Human Body Differently?

Using an artificial intelligence (AI) model, scientists have found that the disruption in the body’s metabolism is the reason why each COVID wave impacts humans differently.

Metabolic Markers of COVID-19

The team from the University of Surrey identified what they believe to be robust metabolic markers of COVID, a discovery that could lead to better understanding and treatments for people that suffer from symptoms of the disease months after diagnosis.

Blood samples of hospitalized patients revealed that COVID-19 changed people’s metabolism. The team observed that the effects of COVID-19 changed over time, with the first wave disrupting metabolites differently from the second one.

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‘COVID-19 is now affecting patients' metabolism differently in every wave due to emerging variants.’

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While researchers observed that many patients’ metabolites relaxed back to normal levels once they had recovered from COVID-19, a small number continued to be disrupted for several months after infection.

"It is thought that around two million people suffer symptoms of COVID-19 a month after infection, and 800,000 people still experience symptoms a year later. So, it’s clear that this virus will be with us for some time and, therefore, the scientific community is duty-bound to better understand COVID-19 and why, for some, symptoms seem to linger longer than average," said lead author Holly-May Lewis from the University of Surrey.

COVID-19 is Affecting People’s Metabolism: Here’s How

The study analyzed the blood samples of 164 hospital patients -- 123 with COVID-19 and 41 who provided a negative PCR test -- across the first two waves of infection. Nineteen positive patients were also provided samples two to seven months after infection.

Using an artificial intelligence model, the team identified six metabolites that can be used to identify COVID-19 with 91 percent accuracy.

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"To our knowledge, this is the first time it has been demonstrated that COVID-19 is now affecting patients’ metabolism differently than it did in the initial wave - which we think is due to emerging variants. It is known that different COVID variants have various associated symptoms, so it makes sense that this would relate to changes in blood chemistry," said professor Melanie Bailey from the varsity.

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