Extra hormone found to cut appetite by a third

Studies done previously have shown that the hormone could suppress the appetites of lean people. But researchers were worried it would not work in obese people because studies of another appetite-suppressing hormone, leptin, had proved disappointing.

"We had to do a second trial to see if obese people were as sensitive" to the hormone, said researchers. The answer: "Yes, they are. They're just as sensitive as thin people."

In a small study done , both obese and lean people ate about 30 percent less from a buffet lunch after they were given a dose of the hormone, PYY3-36, to trick the brain into thinking they had already eaten. The research also showed lower natural levels of PYY in the obese, which may explain why they are hungrier and overeat.

However researchers say long-term use of the hormone would have to be studied before it could be developed into a treatment for obesity that would consist of injections given before meals. "We haven't yet shown you get actual weight reduction. We've only shown you eat less," researchers said.

The findings could also point to a more natural treatment for obesity: A high-fiber diet is believed to boost the body's production of PYY.

The PYY hormone, one of a number of hormones that stimulate or suppress hunger, is released by the gut as you eat. It tells the part of the brain that controls appetite when you are full. Dr. Rudolph L. Leibel, an obesity researcher , said it is unlikely that PYY alone will turn out to be the "magic bullet" against obesity, but it may prove useful in combination with other drugs. He said the body has backup systems that kick in to resist the loss of body fat -- the reason so many people who lose weight gain it back.

"We can't fool Mother Nature yet," he said. Currently, there are only a few prescription weight-control drugs, and they produce only modest weight loss. They work by suppressing the appetite through a brain chemical or by blocking fat from being absorbed.

The British researchers recruited 24 people: 12 obese and 12 lean. Their food consumption was monitored twice, once after an intravenous dose of synthetic PYY and once after getting a harmless saline solution. Two hours later, they were given a large buffet lunch.

After the PYY dose, the obese ate 30 percent fewer calories than they did after the dummy solution. The lean people ate 31 percent less. The PYY continued to curb their appetites for 12 hours, with the obese eating 26 percent less and the lean eating about 34 percent less, based on food diaries they kept.

The PYY did not affect food consumption from 12 hours to 24 hours after the infusion. Without the extra dose, PYY levels were lower in the obese participants than in the lean, but the researchers said it is not known whether that is a cause of obesity or a consequence.

If it's a consequence of obesity, it would explain why once people become overweight, it is very difficult for them to reverse it. They don't feel as feel as full after food as normal people do as a result of their obesity.