Teens Exposed to Drug Use at Risk for HIV Later in Life

Increasing frequency of psychosocial risk factors experienced during adolescence may have effects on HIV risk behaviors decades later.

Adolescents and young people continue to be vulnerable, both socially and economically, to HIV infection despite efforts to date. The psychological and social risks that adolescents experience can have a lasting impact on adulthood.

When those risks include drug use, mental distress and exposure to violence, they may engage in unsafe sexual behavior that increases their chance of HIV infection, according to a new longitudinal study by the University of Michigan.

Therapeutic HIV Vaccine is Not Effective: Clinical Trial
A therapeutic HIV vaccine does not have any effect in suppressing HIV in the absence of antiretroviral therapy (ART), reveals a clinical trial study.

‘People experiencing drug use, mental distress and exposure to violence may engage in unsafe sexual behavior that increases their chance of HIV infection.’

"Our findings support the notion that the increasing frequency of psychosocial risk factors experienced during adolescence may have effects on HIV risk behaviors decades later," said study lead author David Cordova, U-M assistant professor of social work.

Cordova and colleagues conducted the study from September 1994 to May 2013 in Flint, Mich. The participants involved 850 students, mainly African-American, who were asked about their sexual behaviors, mental health, being a victim or witness of violence, and social conditions (family, peer and community factors) beginning at age 14. They were assessed six times during the study until age 32.

One out of four respondents who had a relatively higher frequency of co-occurring psychological and social risk as adolescents were more likely to report unprotected sex with recent partners, as well as sexual intercourse with someone they just met in adulthood.

HIV Screening in Young Adulthood is Beneficial
A single HIV screening test can be done in young adulthood that can identify the infections which could be missed, as many youth could be at more risk than they know.

In addition, they were more likely to use illegal drugs prior to sex, and had at least four sexual partners. This segment was more vulnerable to HIV risk than those who were part of the low frequency of risk group, which had fewer instances of drug use, violence and mental distress during adolescence.

Since the study mainly involved African-American respondents, the findings may not be generalized to all adolescent populations, Cordova said.