Soft Bedding: A Primary Cause of Infant Suffocation During Sleep

Sleep-related suffocation is a primary cause of injury death among infants in the United States as the babies airways get blocked by things like pillows, blankets, couch cushions or adult mattresses, reveals a new study. The findings of the study are published in the journal Pediatrics.

Almost 70% of babies who died from sleep-related suffocation between 2011 and 2014 did so because of soft bedding, a new study reveals. The finding underscores physicians' urgent message to new parents that babies should sleep only in cribs or bassinets free of blankets, toys and other potential hazards.

Effect of Sleep Environment on Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)

Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is characterized by death of an infant that is not explained by medical history and remains unexplained even after an autopsy.

‘Unsafe sleep practices are the primary cause of sleep-related death among babies. sleep-related infant deaths could be prevented by avoiding blankets and toys, placing infants to sleep in a safety-approved bassinet or crib and placing infants on their back to sleep.’

Tweet it Now

Unintentional suffocation is the No. 1 cause of injury death in babies less than a year old in the United States, with more than 80% of cases occurring in bed. The new study, from a University of Virginia Health System physician and her colleagues, sheds light on how that is happening, revealing that soft bedding is responsible for the vast majority of sleep-related infant deaths (69%).

The second most common cause was due to overlay by another person (19%), with 71% of these occurring while sleeping in the same bed with a parent and sibling. The third most common was "wedging," in which babies become trapped between two objects, such as a mattress and wall (12%).

Baby Products Do Not Prevent Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)

Over the counter baby products cannot prevent Sudden Infant Death Syndrome says FDA. When a child under age one dies suddenly without an explainable cause of death.

"These results are very significant because these deaths - clearly due to suffocation - were all preventable," said UVA's Fern Hauck, MD. "It is also important to note that the causes of suffocation differed by infant age. So, overlaying is a bigger problem for the youngest infants, soft bedding affects infants most commonly under four months, and wedging more a problem when infants are older and can move around in bed."

Unsafe Infant Sleep Practices

Sleep-related suffocation and strangulation were responsible for 14% of all sudden, unexpected infant deaths during the period reviewed, the researchers determined. Death by soft bedding was most likely to occur in an adult bed, with the babies on their backs. Most often, the suffocation or strangulation was caused by a blanket or blankets.

When babies died of the overlay, it was most often the mother who overlaid the infants. In wedging deaths, babies were most likely to become trapped between the mattress and a wall.

"Keeping infants safe is a priority for parents, and these types of suffocation deaths can be prevented by following the American Academy of Pediatrics safe sleep guidelines," Hauck said. "These include: placing infants to sleep in a safety-approved bassinet or crib in the caregivers' room; not placing infants alone or with others on adult beds to sleep; keeping all soft objects out of the infant's sleep area, including blankets and pillows (wearable blankets are preferred over loose blankets); and placing infants on their back to sleep."

In conducting the study, the researchers reviewed more than 1,800 infant deaths classified as suffocation in the Centers for Disease Control's national Sudden Unexpected Infant Death Case Registry. The deaths occurred between 2011 and 2014, the most recent year for which data was available. All the babies were less than a year old.

Source: Eurekalert