Researchers Identify Mechanism That Allows Salmonella to Avoid Body's Immune Response

Scientists have discovered how salmonella thrives in the digestive tract despite the immune system's best efforts to destroy it.

UC Irvine researchers, findings help explain why salmonella is difficult to eradicate and point to new approaches for possible treatments.

About Salmonellosis
Poor hygienic practices during cooking or handling of food products can cause this distressing infection of the intestines leading to diarrhea, cramps and fever.

Most people infected with salmonella suffer from diarrhea, fever and abdominal cramps for up to seven days before the infection resolves.

Lead researcher Manuela Raffatellu, a UCI assistant professor of microbiology and molecular genetics, and colleagues have identified a novel molecular mechanism that allows salmonella to survive.

Pathogens like salmonella flourish and cause disease in humans through a process by which they acquire metal ions, such as zinc, from the body. One of the body's key immune responses is to flood the infected area with antimicrobial proteins that include calprotectin, which removes zinc. Without enough of this vital element, most pathogens eventually die.

Fact Sheet on Food Poisoning-Causes-Risk Factors-Types-Symptoms-Prevention
Consuming foods that have been contaminated with pathogens such as E.coli, Salmonella or Campylobacter, can cause food poisoning.

Raffatellu's team found, however, that salmonellae overcome this immune response by expressing specialized transporter proteins that enable the bacteria to acquire zinc in spite of calprotectin reducing the amount available in the digestive tract. This distinctive mechanism lets salmonellae continue proliferating.

At the same time, calprotectin inadvertently promotes salmonella growth by killing the microbes that normally reside within the intestines and help the immune system battle pathogenic bacteria.

"We're beginning to learn more about the mechanisms that allow pathogens like salmonella to evade our natural defenses and make us sick," Raffatellu said.

"In light of this, if we can devise therapies that block the acquisition of zinc and other metals by salmonella specifically, we can fight this infection," she added.

Additionally, she said, the new findings may have relevance for other illnesses, such as inflammatory bowel disease and colon cancer, in which high levels of calprotectin are detected.

Results of their study appeared in the March issue of Cell Host and Microbe.

Source-ANI