Heart muscle cells or cardiomyocytes do not proliferate to replace dead tissue with new, pumping cells, consequently leading to heart failure in people with severe heart attacks or injury to the heart. In a recent study, scientists were able to remove the 'blocks' that prevent cardiomyocytes proliferation. Adult cardiomyocytes are reprogrammed to a more fetal cell state by the researchers which open up new possibilities to treat heart disease.
"Cardiomyocytes are very long-lived cells that are highly specialized to maintain a functional, pumping heart," said corresponding author Dr. James Martin, professor of molecular physiology and biophysics and Vivian L. Smith Chair in Regenerative Medicine at Baylor College of Medicine. "However, they are so 'dedicated' to their job that they do not participate in other cellular activities, such as proliferation."
Congenital Heart Disease
Heart diseases that are present at birth are called " Congenital heart diseases".
Cell proliferation is essential for tissue regeneration, so Martin and his colleagues have been investigating how to manipulate the genetic mechanisms that prevent cardiomyocyte proliferation in order to promote the repair of injured hearts.
Coronary Heart Disease
In coronary heart disease, blood is unable to flow through blocked arteries. The main symptom is chest pain or angina. Treatment is with medications or surgery.
"We showed that by expressing YAP5SA, we could reprogram these highly specialized adult cardiomyocytes to look more like embryonic cells. The reprogrammed cells also can proliferate and the new cells make connections with pre-existing cardiomyocytes," said Martin, who also is director of the Cardiomyocyte Renewal Lab at the Texas Heart Institute.
Reprogramming of adult cardiomyocytes had not been done in live animals before, explains Martin.
"This study shows that it is possible to push those very specialized cells back to a more fetal state by manipulating the right genes," Martin said. "And this opens possibilities for treating heart disease by reprogramming cardiomyocytes."
Source: Eurekalert
Cyanotic Heart Disease
Cyanotic heart disease is a group of congenital heart defects which occurs due to deoxygenated blood bypassing the lungs and entering the systemic circulation.
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