Possible Link Between Sudden Infant Death Syndrome and Hearing Alteration in Infants

Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) is defined as the sudden death of an infant less than one year of age that cannot be explained after a thorough investigation is conducted, including an autopsy, examination of the death scene and a review of clinical history. According to the Centers for Disease Control, SIDS is the leading cause of death in infants aged one to 12 months. About 2,000 babies born in the United States die each year from SIDS.

Seattle Children's is partnering on the launch of a study called the 'Oto-Acoustic Signals in SIDS' (OASIS) study that will investigate a possible association between SIDS and hearing alteration on the newborn hearing screen test. Dr. Daniel Rubens, an anesthesiologist at Seattle Children's Hospital and principal investigator at Seattle Children's Research Institute, is partnering with The Lullaby Trust in the United Kingdom and Dr. Peter Fleming, pediatrician and professor at Bristol University to conduct the study.

Sudden Infant Death Syndrome - Overview
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome is death of a baby, under one year of age that occurs in sleep and cannot be explained.

‘The 'Oto-Acoustic Signals in SIDS' (OASIS) study will investigate a possible association between Sudden Infant Death Syndrome and hearing alteration on the newborn hearing screen test.’

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"We keep working away to understand the cause of sudden infant deaths, and we are not giving up," Rubens said. "Solving SIDS is our mission. This study will give researchers access to comprehensive data that could yield important insights into how an infant's hearing and associated risk factors can impact the risk for SIDS. What is new about this study is that we are considering a way to detect infants at risk well before a potential fatal event."

In the OASIS study, Rubens and Fleming will review data from the newborn hearing test administered to all babies born in the United Kingdom and review death records from babies who have been classified as having died of SIDS. The team will conduct the study in the United Kingdom because newborn hearing tests and infant death records are standardized and the data is consistent across the country. In the United States, infant hearing tests and death reports are inconsistent because each state and country has its own process.

"We think babies with inner ear damage are not able to wake up or move themselves away from danger if their breathing is compromised," Rubens said. "The babies suffer from a lack of oxygen and build up of carbon dioxide in their bodies while asleep and they can die. Parents can do everything correctly and this can still happen. We are not suggesting that SIDS only occurs because of inner ear dysfunction. Rather, we believe the inner ear plays an important role in relaying vital information to other areas of the brain involved in survival. If this region is damaged, I believe it is part of the underlying specific condition that leads to SIDS."

Effect of Sleep Environment on Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)
Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is characterized by death of an infant that is not explained by medical history and remains unexplained even after an autopsy.

The study will collect detailed information from parents, examine the newborn hearing tests and death records of babies who have died of SIDS, and compare those with newborn hearing tests of control babies born during the course of the study. The team will examine the data for patterns that indicate that abnormal hearing test results may increase the risk of SIDS. In addition, the teams will interview mothers of babies about lifestyle habits such as smoking, diet and sleeping position of babies, which are all known to affect the risk of SIDS.

The OASIS study complements research Rubens is doing with Dr. Marta Cohen, a pediatric pathologist at Sheffield Children's in the United Kingdom, to use CT and MRI imaging of the inner ear during autopsies of unexpected infant deaths. Rubens is also working with Dr. Nino Ramirez at Seattle Children's Research Institute to study inner ear and vestibular system dysfunction in animal models.

Avoid All Risk Factors for Sudden Infant Death Syndrome : Study
Sleeping on their back is not the only risk factor to avoid in SIDS, rather all other risk factors should also be considered.

The study will occur over a two year period commencing in May 2016. Depending on the results of the initial research, the researchers will develop a broader study. The ultimate goal of the research is to develop a screening tool at birth that would identify infants at high risk for unexpected sudden death. This could allow targeted monitoring and therapeutic interventions immediately after birth for the first time and would potentially further reduce the number of SIDS deaths.

"This is an exciting opportunity because for the first time, we will be able to look for features recorded during life in a routine screening test that may help us to identify babies at high risk of dying unexpectedly," Fleming said. "If successful, this will have huge implications for identifying and potentially being able to help such babies in the future, possibly being able to prevent some of these tragic deaths. We are very grateful for the support we are receiving from the USA and from the Lullaby Trust in the UK."

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The OASIS study was made possible by generous gifts from donors including Jon's Run, The Fred H. and Mary S. Dore Charitable Foundation, the SIDS Research Guild at Seattle Children's Hospital, The Lullaby Trust, Teddy's Wish and the Richardson and Gooden families.

"We are delighted and extremely grateful for the generous support we have received for this research," Rubens said. "We hope in time that our work will yield solutions for preventing SIDS deaths and provides families with tools to keep their newborn babies safe."

Source-Newswise