Newly Approved Glaucoma Drugs Greatly Reduce Eye Pressure

Highlights:

Two newly approved glaucoma drugs lower eye pressure to a great degree.
These drugs are - netarsudil and latanoprostene bunod.
They are scientifically known as ocular hypotensive agents.

Drugs that lower eye pressure - netarsudil and latanoprostene bunod
Netarsudil and latanoprostene bunod (LBN) are two ocular hypotensive agents that have just been approved for use in humans. The drugs greatly reduce intraocular pressure (eye pressure), with lasting results in various animal models of glaucoma and in humans.

Netarsudil is a rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK) inhibitor that lowers intraocular pressure by increasing the outflow of fluid through the trabecular meshwork, the primary drainage route.

Glaucoma - Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment & Prevention
Glaucoma is a group of disorders involving the optic nerve, often associated with a rise in intraocular pressure. Uncontrolled glaucoma can lead to blindness.

‘Two newly approved drugs netarsudil and latanoprostene bunod (LBN) have the potential to reduce intraocular pressure (IOP) or eye pressure to a great extent.’

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Latanoprostene bunod (LBN), applied topically, reduces pressure in the eye of patients with open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension via two mechanisms, latanoprost-mediated increase in unconventional outflow and nitric oxide-mediated increase in conventional outflow.

Based on a comprehensive review of nonclinical studies and a phase 2 clinical study of LBN, Megan Cavet and Heleen DeCory, Bausch + Lomb, highlight the benefits of this dual-action drug for glaucoma.

Microneedles for eye-injection
In another research, researchers bring to focus, the development of microneedles that have a length of less than a millimeter and are able to target injectable therapeutics to previously unreachable areas of the eye, including closer to the retina. The authors note that improvements in the design of needles or intraocular drug delivery, including those with smaller diameters and lengths and with controlled bevel angles, will likely improve overall safety and acceptance of injected ophthalmic drug products and allow for a broader range of periocular, subretinal and suprachoroidal routes of delivery.

Ocular Hypertension - Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment & Prevention
Ocular hypertension is an increase in the intraocular pressure (pressure in the eye) above the upper limit of normal (12-22 mm Hg).

Takayoshi Masuoka, Juana Gallar, and Carlos Belmonte, Universida Miguel Hernancez-CSIC, Alicante, Spain and Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa, Japan, present a new study demonstrating the ability of amitriptylene, a voltage-gated sodium channel blocker, to reduce the activity of cold thermoreceptors, which contribute to the unpleasant sensations of pain in dry eye disease. They show that the effect differs in intact versus tear-deficient corneas.

"Outstanding preclinical research and industry/academia collaborations to rapidly and safely move forward vision-saving technologies are featured in this special issue," says Editor-in-Chief W. Daniel Stamer, PhD, Joseph A. C. Wadsworth Professor of Ophthalmology and Professor of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham.

Uveitis | Eye Inflammation - Causes, Symptoms, Complications, Diagnosis, Treatment, Prevention
Uveitis refers to inflammation of the uvea of the eye resulting in swelling and destruction of eye tissues. Symptoms of uveitis include eye redness, pain and blurred vision.

Glaucoma is a leading cause of irreversible blindness that affects more than 60 million people in the world. Glaucoma can arise through various etiologies, but vision loss is ultimately due to the progressive death of retinal ganglion cells and related damage to the optic nerve.

References:

Cavet Megan E. and DeCory Heleen H. The Role of Nitric Oxide in the Intraocular Pressure Lowering Efficacy of Latanoprostene Bunod: Review of Nonclinical Studies, Journal of Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics https://doi.org/10.1089/jop.2016.0188
Hartman Rachel R. and Kompella Uday B. Intravitreal, Subretinal, and Suprachoroidal Injections: Evolution of Microneedles for Drug Delivery , Journal of Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics https://doi.org/10.1089/jop.2017.0121
Lin Cheng-Wen, Sherman Bryan et al. Discovery and Preclinical Development of Netarsudil, a Novel Ocular Hypotensive Agent for the Treatment of Glaucoma, Journal of Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics https://doi.org/10.1089/jop.2017.0023

Eye Pain - Symptom Evaluation
Eye pain usually follows trauma, eye infection or inflammation of the eye and the surrounding structures. The cause of eye pain can be diagnosed based on the type of pain and associated symptoms.

Source-Eurekalert