New HPV Vaccine, Gardasil 9 by Merck, is More Effective

A new vaccine against sexually transmitted human papillomavirus (HPV), Gardasil 9 made by Merck, is more effective than the previous version and may protect against 90 percent of all cervical cancers worldwide, revealed a study published in the New England Journal of Medicine.

HPV is the most common sexually transmitted infection (STI), and most sexually active adults will have it at some point in their lives. Usually, the infection clears the body on its own, but some strains can linger and lead to cancers of the cervix, anus, penis, vagina and throat. Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer in women, killing more than 250,000 women annually worldwide. The vaccine protects against nine types of HPV virus, seven of which cause most cases of cervical cancer. The currently available Gardasil vaccine offers protection against only two cancer-causing types of HPV.

Cervical Cancer - Types, Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment, Complications & Prevention
Cancer cervix refers to cancerous growth in the cervix and usually occurs in the transition called squamo-columnar junction.

The study findings suggest that in uninfected women who received the vaccine, Gardasil 9 was 97 percent effective at preventing high-grade cervical, vulvar and vaginal disease caused by HPV 31, 33, 45, 52 and 58, and was equally effective as the current Gardasil vaccine in preventing diseases caused by HPV 6, 11, 16 and 18.

Co-author Jack Cuzick said, "The new vaccine, Gardasil 9, is not only safe but will offer greatly improved protection against cervical and other cancers. Gardasil 9 offers the potential to increase overall cervical cancer prevention from 70 to 90 percent, nearly eliminating this cancer among vaccinated women. Vaccination must occur before girls and women are exposed to the virus. Our focus for prevention must be on girls aged 12-13, as the current UK vaccine program is doing, but the vaccine may also be appropriate for women 25-45 as part of a screening appointment."

Gardasil 9 was approved in December 2014 by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use in females aged 9 to 26 and males aged 9 to 15 years. Approval of Gardasil 9 means there are three available vaccines against HPV, including Cervarix by GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) and Gardasil.

Pap smear and Cervical Cancer Screening
Pap smear is the most common test used in screening cervical cancer caused by an infection with human papilloma virus. Pap smear should be repeated every 1 to 3 years till the age of 65 years.

Source-Medindia

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Warts arise on damaged skin infected with HPV and are common in children, young adults, and those with a compromised immune system. Warts easily spread through skin contact, and are normally benign.

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