Microbiome in Human Mouth may be Categorized by New Fluorescent Imaging

It is sometimes very difficult to determine the bacterial species involved in causing dental diseases.

New fluorescent labeling technology that distinguishes in a single image the population size and spatial distribution of 15 different taxa has uncovered new taxon pairings that indicate unsuspected cooperation -- and standoffishness -- between members of the microbe biofilm that covers teeth, according to a presentation on Dec. 7, at the American Society for Cell Biology's Annual Meeting in Denver.

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Members of the genera Prevotella and Actinomyces showed the greatest ability to interact, suggesting a central role for them in producing biofilms, reported the researchers. The study, to determine "who's who" in the human mouth was conducted by researchers at the Marine Biological Laboratory (MBL) in Woods Hole, MA,

While both genera are implicated in periodontal disease, species of Prevotella have been recovered from anaerobic lung infections. Actinomycosis is an infection of antibiotic resistant strains in the mouth and gastrointestinal tract.

Alex Valm, Ph.D., Gary Borisy, Ph.D., and collaborators refer to their new fluorescent labeling technology system as Combinatorial Labeling and Spectral Imaging (CLASI). It was designed to overcome a major limit of existing fluorescent labeling system, whose original green fluorescent protein (GFP) tag occurred in one color (green).

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A whole palette of colors is now available to scientists through an ever-expanding array of fluorescent proteins or the addition of glowing molecular add-ons called fluorophores, but keeping track of more than a handful of colors becomes exponentially difficult.

The MBL team's first CLASI system used binary combinations of six fluorophores to perform the first quantitative analysis of a large number of microbes in a biofilm.

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With the use of novel linear "unmixing" algorithms, the CLASI system is now being scaled up to look at over 100 differently labeled microbes in each image and to build the first systems-level structural analysis of the entire human oral microbiome.
Source-Eurekalert

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