The immunopathogenesis of Johne's disease has been revealed in a new study. Johne's disease is a chronic bovine disease that has caused endemics in Japan and many other countries, placing financial burdens on cattle farmers.
Researchers of Hokkaido University, the National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), and Tohoku University demonstrated that a physiologically active substance called prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) impairs the immune response by upregulating the expression of an immunoinhibitory molecule, programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), in cattle affected with Johne's disease. The discovery is expected to help develop a method to control Johne's disease, which is most frequently reported among legally designated infectious bovine diseases in Japan.
OIE Asks Authorities to Destroy Lab Stocks of Eradicated Cattle Disease
The World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) has said that most remaining laboratory stocks of a devastating cattle disease should be destroyed.
Advertisement
‘A physiologically active substance called prostaglandin E2 impairs the immune response by upregulating the expression of an immunoinhibitory molecule in cattle affected with Johne's disease.’
Tweet it Now
Johne's disease is a type of chronic enteritis caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, leading to diarrhea and weight loss in cattle, and occasionally death. This disease has led to endemics in Japan and 816 clinical cases were reported in 2017. Cattle diagnosed with the disease must be culled to prevent its spread. Cattle farmers are also required to give regular check-ups to all other cattle at the same farm for a certain period, disinfect their cattle barns and are not allowed to move animals out of the farm freely. There has been no effective method to prevent the spread of the disease, including vaccination.
The researchers investigated the immunosuppressive effects of PGE2, which is known to appear in increased amounts in cattle with Johne's disease. Their experiments showed PGE2 has immunosuppressive effects on T-cell, a type of lymphocyte that plays an important role in the immune system. PGE2 also induced the upregulation of PD-L1, a immunosuppressive molecule, in immune cells isolated from cows. The researchers also found PGE2 and PD-L1 were co-expressed in intestinal lesions of the infected cattle.
![Cattle Disease Causing Bacteria Named by UC Davis Researchers]( "Cattle Disease Causing Bacteria Named by UC Davis Researchers")
Vaccine trials to prevent cattle disease are now in the second year, thanks to a longtime partnership between UC Davis, the University of Nevada, Reno.
In addition, they found that the inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), which is involved in the synthesis of PGE2, boosted immune response to the mycobacteria causing Johne's disease. When COX-2 inhibitor is combined with anti-PD-L1 blocking antibodies, it further enhances the immune response to the mycobacteria.
"Our data suggests that immunosuppressive effects of PGE2 are strongly connected to the progression of Johne's disease," says Associate Professor Satoru Konnai of the research team at Hokkaido University. "We plan to conduct clinical trials to verify how the COX-2 inhibitor and anti-PD-L1 antibodies boost immune responses in cattle with Johne's disease, in addition to examining the roles of PGE2 in cattle afflicted with other diseases."
Source: Eurekalert
Cattle Disease Causing Bacteria Named by UC Davis Researchers
Vaccine trials to prevent cattle disease are now in the second year, thanks to a longtime partnership between UC Davis, the University of Nevada, Reno.
Advertisement
In addition, they found that the inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), which is involved in the synthesis of PGE2, boosted immune response to the mycobacteria causing Johne's disease. When COX-2 inhibitor is combined with anti-PD-L1 blocking antibodies, it further enhances the immune response to the mycobacteria.
"Our data suggests that immunosuppressive effects of PGE2 are strongly connected to the progression of Johne's disease," says Associate Professor Satoru Konnai of the research team at Hokkaido University. "We plan to conduct clinical trials to verify how the COX-2 inhibitor and anti-PD-L1 antibodies boost immune responses in cattle with Johne's disease, in addition to examining the roles of PGE2 in cattle afflicted with other diseases."
Source: Eurekalert
New Ways How World Eradicated Deadliest Cattle Plague: Study
A new study analysis published today in Science traces the recent global eradication of the deadliest of cattle diseases.
Advertisement
 First Known Case of a Cattle Eyeworm Infecting a HumanOregon woman is the first known case of a human infected with cattle eyeworm species. | Advertisement
|
Advertisement
Latest Research News
The discovery deepens our understanding of m6A biology and stress granule formation, with implications for neurodegenerative diseases.
Trouble with sleep and the body's clock may increase your risk for Parkinson's, as per a new study.
New study uncovers a link between nocturnal hot flashes and Alzheimer's risk in menopausal women, suggesting a potential biomarker.
Our discovery revealed that a minority of individuals attributed their chronic pain to their brain's involvement.
Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport syndrome is overlooked by athletes and can be worsened by 'sports culture' due to its perceived short-term performance benefits.
