HPV Tests Could Replace Cervical Cytology to Detect Cervical Cancer

Cervical cancer screening needs to take into account a partially-vaccinated population and new technologies, according to an editorial published in the latest edition of Medical Journal of Australia.

Dr Annabelle Farnsworth, from Douglass Hanly Moir Pathology, said that although Australia has an enviable record in the control of cervical cancer, there are real benefits in incorporating new knowledge and associated technologies into screening and management of the disease.

Cervical Cancer - Types, Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment, Complications & Prevention
Cancer cervix refers to cancerous growth in the cervix and usually occurs in the transition called squamo-columnar junction.

“A national, well-funded and organised program of screening using the conventional Pap Smear has significantly reduced the incidence and mortality rates of cervical cancer in Australia,” she said.

Dr Farnsworth said that there has been much discussion overseas about replacing cervical cytology tests with human papillomavirus (HPV) tests for primary screening.

“Currently, there is no justification for this as HPV testing is highly sensitive but not specific.

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Cervical cancer continues to cause significant morbidity and mortality. After breast cancer, cervical cancer is the second most common type of cancer in women worldwide.

“HPV testing may have a greater role in the management of indeterminate abnormalities detected by cervical cytology tests.

“Both HPV tests and ThinPrep imaging [a newer type of cytology test] are more expensive than conventional cytology, but they could be cost-effective if used appropriately in conjunction with a comprehensive review of the cervical screening program,” she said.

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Dr Farnsworth said that in addition to the new screening techniques, a national program of vaccination against two of the 15 oncogenic viruses began in April last year.

“Pharmaceutical Benefits Advisory Committee commented that there would be cost savings if vaccination fully replaced cervical screening but the cervical cancer life-time risk would increase to 1.173 per cent.

“The recommendation therefore is that screening must continue after vaccination. The screening interval and screening test for vaccinated women should be different to those for unvaccinated women and should be determined by population-based research over the next 5–10 years.”

The Medical Journal of Australia is a publication of the Australian Medical Association.

Source-MJA
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