To successfully prepare a drug form, one
often needs to produce solid samples with controlled crystal structure
and a specific particle size and shape. To further complicate matters,
these compounds, these drug particles must often end up as a part of a
multi-component composite.
To become a drug, a pharmacologically active compound must be
prepared in a specific form. This form must be robust during
manufacturing, packaging, storage and transport, and must administer the
correct dose to the patient.
Drugs Banned in India
Several drugs are either banned or withdrawn after introduction in the market.
Advertisement
‘By applying the knowledge of solid-state chemistry, materials science and non-ambient conditions one can obtain drugs in solid forms with optimized properties.’
Tweet it Now
The present review summarizes how extreme pressure and temperature conditions help achieve this highly tuned material.
In modern culture, it is very rare to find an individual who has
never taken any form of medication. It must follow that the
pharmaceutical industry is required to produce an enormous quantity of
drug products, which can take a variety of different forms: solutions
for injections, inhalation powders, sprays, tablets, ointments, patches,
amongst others.
![Clinical Trials]( "Clinical Trials")
Clinical trials are experiments that yield useful information to clinicians if a particular treatment is of any value to a patient.
In many cases, although adopting different administration routes, different trade names are used to market the very same active pharmaceutical ingredient (API). This begs the question: if these products are the same API, is there any difference in which form is taken?
Quite simply put, yes.
Drug molecules move around the body and, by necessity, act at the molecular level. However, many of these compounds are manufactured as solids, which must either be dissolved prior to injection, or are expected to dissolve on digestion in biological fluids. In either case, dissolution is required to release individual molecules into the body.
Solid pharmaceuticals containing the same API (either pure or with additives) can have different crystal structures (polymorphism) or be amorphous. Additionally, solid particles can differ in size, shape, meso-structure, and surface charge. Within the bulk material, the spatial distribution of an API and the additives can vary.
Control of these, and many other, characteristics is within the scope of materials sciences and solid-state chemistry. The chemical and material properties of their physical form therefore needs to be identified and optimized for in vivo performance, reliable manufacture and the protection of intellectual property.
Drugs are materials, not simply molecules. By viewing drugs in this way, one can apply the knowledge of solid-state chemistry, materials science and non-ambient conditions to obtain solid forms with optimized properties. These conditions include, among others, different types of mechanical and ultrasonic treatment, hydrostatic compression, high-temperature or cryogenic spray-drying, and crystallization from supercritical solvents.
Solid-state reactions (e.g. dehydration or clathrate decomposition) can be efficient in accessing metastable polymorphs or in uniformly micronizing the sample. To achieve control over drug forms and the processes used for their robust manufacturing, one needs to account for both the thermodynamic and kinetic aspects of their transformations.
The review contains over 400 references and provides a comprehensive guide through the vast ocean of publications in this field. This work is based on the personal experience of the author over several decades of active research.
Source: Eurekalert
Clinical Trials
Clinical trials are experiments that yield useful information to clinicians if a particular treatment is of any value to a patient.
Advertisement
In many cases, although adopting different administration routes, different trade names are used to market the very same active pharmaceutical ingredient (API). This begs the question: if these products are the same API, is there any difference in which form is taken?
Quite simply put, yes.
Drug molecules move around the body and, by necessity, act at the molecular level. However, many of these compounds are manufactured as solids, which must either be dissolved prior to injection, or are expected to dissolve on digestion in biological fluids. In either case, dissolution is required to release individual molecules into the body.
Solid pharmaceuticals containing the same API (either pure or with additives) can have different crystal structures (polymorphism) or be amorphous. Additionally, solid particles can differ in size, shape, meso-structure, and surface charge. Within the bulk material, the spatial distribution of an API and the additives can vary.
Control of these, and many other, characteristics is within the scope of materials sciences and solid-state chemistry. The chemical and material properties of their physical form therefore needs to be identified and optimized for in vivo performance, reliable manufacture and the protection of intellectual property.
Drugs are materials, not simply molecules. By viewing drugs in this way, one can apply the knowledge of solid-state chemistry, materials science and non-ambient conditions to obtain solid forms with optimized properties. These conditions include, among others, different types of mechanical and ultrasonic treatment, hydrostatic compression, high-temperature or cryogenic spray-drying, and crystallization from supercritical solvents.
Solid-state reactions (e.g. dehydration or clathrate decomposition) can be efficient in accessing metastable polymorphs or in uniformly micronizing the sample. To achieve control over drug forms and the processes used for their robust manufacturing, one needs to account for both the thermodynamic and kinetic aspects of their transformations.
The review contains over 400 references and provides a comprehensive guide through the vast ocean of publications in this field. This work is based on the personal experience of the author over several decades of active research.
Source: Eurekalert
New Compound Improves Drug Development Against Brain Cancer
A chemical compound called Aurintricarboxylic acid (ATA) found to improve drug development for deadly brain cancer.
Advertisement
Obsessive Passion Linked to Athletes Accepting Performance-Enhancing Drugs
Athletes with obsessive passion for their sports are more likely to be lenient towards the use of performance enhancing drugs, or PEDs, revealed a new study.
Advertisement
Recommended Reading
Latest Drug News
India's First Urinary Incontinence Drug Fesobig may offer Affordable treatment for Overactive Bladder (OAB), a widely prevalent problem among Indian men and women.
Oral anticoagulant drugs, particularly Rivaroxaban presented superior efficacy and safety than warfarin in atrial fibrillation patients with chronic kidney disease.
Patients with hepatitis D virus-related chronic advanced liver disease are treated with an antiviral therapy.
Among people with COVID-19, Paxlovid drug was found to reduce hospitalization and death risk by 90%, revealed study.
Lilly will likely maintain or increase its market share in the insulin space as the average out-of-pocket cost for its insulin products is already below the $35 price cap.
