Stress Responsible for Gastrointestinal Symptoms in Children With Autism

Highlights

Many children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) experience frequent gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms like constipation or abdominal pain.
The gastrointestinal issues in these individuals may be related to an increased reaction to stress.
As a reaction to stress, body produces cortisol, the levels of which were found to be higher in autistic individuals with GI symptoms.

Gastrointestinal issues in children with autism maybe due to increased levels of stress. The issues are mainly lower gastrointestinal like constipation or abdominal pain.

Autism is categorized as the fastest-growing developmental disability.

Autism Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment, Prognosis
Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder typically characterized by impaired social and communication skills combined with repetitive movements.

‘Factors like stress and anxiety reactivity should be considered while treating individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD).’

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One in 45 American children lives with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

About 1% of the world population has autism spectrum disorder according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention CDC, 2014 statistics. Prevalence of autism in U.S. children increased by 119.4% from 1 in 150 in 2000 to 1 in 68 in 2010.

More than 3.5 million Americans live with an autism spectrum disorder. Autism services cost U.S citizens $236-262 billion annually.

Individuals With Autism Spectrum Disorder Share Common Epigenetic Changes
More than 68% of individuals with different types of autism spectrum disorder have the same pattern modification of the protein around which DNA wraps.

Many of these children also have significant gastrointestinal issues, but the cause of these symptoms is unknown. Researchers hope that these findings could improve treatment options for these patients.

Studying the Relationship

Challenges Children With Autism Face as They Age
The challenges of living independently, gaining employment, attaining education and building social relationships are greater for young adults with autism.

"We know that it is common for individuals with autism to have a more intense reaction to stress, and some of these patients seem to experience frequent constipation, abdominal pain or other gastrointestinal issues," said David Beversdorf, M.D., associate professor in the departments of radiology, neurology and psychological sciences at the MU Thompson Center for Autism and Neurodevelopmental Disorders.

"To better understand why, we looked for a relationship between gastrointestinal symptoms and the immune markers responsible for stress response. We found a relationship between increased cortisol response to stress and these symptoms." Beversdorf added.

Mutations in Life's 'essential Genes' Linked to Autism Spectrum Disorder
Those with ASD had 44 percent more early-in-childhood mutations and 1.3 percent more inherited mutations in essential genes than their non-affected siblings.

The researchers studied 120 individuals with autism who were treated at MU and Vanderbilt University.

The parents of the participants completed a questionnaire to assess their children's gastrointestinal symptoms. Through the questionnaire, researchers identified 51 patients with symptoms and 69 without gastrointestinal symptoms.

To elicit a stress response, individuals took a 30-second stress test. Before and after the stress test, cortisol samples were gathered through participants' saliva.

Findings

The researchers found that the individuals with gastrointestinal symptoms had greater cortisol levels in response to the stress than the participants without gastrointestinal symptoms.

Cortisol is a hormone released by the body as response stress. Its function is to prevent the release of substances called cytokines in the body. Cytokines that cause inflammation have been associated with autism, gastrointestinal issues and stress.

"When treating a patient with autism who has constipation and other lower gastrointestinal issues, physicians may give them a laxative to address these issues," Beversdorf said.

"Our findings suggest there may be a subset of patients for which there may be other contributing factors. More research is needed, but anxiety and stress reactivity may be an important factor when treating these patients." Beversdorf added.

The study, "Associations between Cytokines, Endocrine Stress Response, and Gastrointestinal Symptoms in Autism Spectrum Disorder", was published in Brain, Behavior, and Immunity, the journal of the Psychoneuroimmunology Research Society.

References

Facts and Statistics - (http://www.autism-society.org/what-is/facts-and-statistics/)
David Beversdorf et al. Associations between Cytokines, Endocrine Stress Response, and Gastrointestinal Symptoms in Autism Spectrum Disorder. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity; (2016)

Source-Medindia