Peru Implements National State of Emergency in Response to Guillain-Barre Syndrome Spike

Peru declares a state of emergency due to a spike in Guillain-Barre syndrome, a rare neurological disorder causing an immune system attack on nerves.

Highlights:

Peru has declared a 90-day national state of emergency in response to a surge in cases of Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS)
It is a rare neurological disorder that causes immune system attacks on the nerves
GBS is characterized by symptoms such as muscle weakness, numbness, and tingling

“Peru Implements 90-Day National State of Emergency in Response to Spike in Guillain-Barre Syndrome Cases.”

Peru has taken decisive action by declaring a national state of emergency lasting 90 days due to a sudden increase in cases of Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS), a rare neurological disorder. The syndrome prompts an immune system response that mistakenly attacks the peripheral nerves, potentially leading to paralysis. Agency Xinhua reported on the alarming rise in GBS cases within the country ().

‘Peru takes a stand against Guillain-Barre Syndrome with a 90-day national emergency. Let's fight this rare neurological disorder together! #GBSAwareness #StayStrongPeru’

Understanding Guillain-Barre Syndrome (GBS): Causes and Characteristics

Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) is an uncommon autoimmune disorder characterized by the immune system's erroneous assault on the peripheral nerves.

This condition results in symptoms like muscle weakness, numbness, and tingling, usually commencing in the legs and gradually progressing upwards. In severe instances, paralysis can develop. GBS predominantly affects adults and males, although it can affect individuals of all age groups.

While the exact cause of GBS remains unknown, it is frequently triggered by infections, most commonly by a bacterium called Campylobacter jejuni. Other triggers include influenza, cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus, and even the COVID-19 virus. Although rare, recent surgery or vaccination can also serve as triggers for GBS.

Diagnosis typically involves assessing symptoms and conducting neurologic examinations. Additional tests, such as spinal taps and electromyography, may be necessary to eliminate other diseases with similar symptoms and confirm the presence of GBS.

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Recognizing the Symptoms of Guillain-Barre Syndrome

The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke highlights weakness as the predominant symptom of GBS. Individuals may initially notice weakness while climbing stairs or walking.

Breathing muscles can also weaken to the point where mechanical assistance for respiration becomes necessary. Most individuals experience the peak of weakness within the first two weeks after symptom onset.

As GBS damages the nerves, abnormal sensory signals can reach the brain, resulting in conditions such as paresthesia, which manifests as tingling, a sensation of insects crawling beneath the skin (formications), and pain.

Other symptoms may include difficulty with eye muscle control and vision, challenges with swallowing, speaking, or chewing, pricking or pins and needles sensations in the hands and feet, severe body pain (especially at night), coordination problems, and unsteadiness, abnormal heartbeat or blood pressure, and difficulties with digestion or bladder control.

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Treatment Approaches for Guillain-Barre Syndrome

Although no known cure for GBS exists, treatment options are available to alleviate its severity and expedite recovery. Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), derived from donated blood containing healthy antibodies, is the most commonly used treatment. IVIG helps to calm the immune system's attack on the nerves.

Another treatment option is plasma exchange, which involves filtering the liquid portion of the patient's blood to remove harmful antibodies responsible for attacking the nerves. Most patients experience gradual recovery over several months, although some may continue to experience residual symptoms such as muscle weakness, difficulty walking, or numbness and tingling. In severe cases, patients may require the use of a walker or wheelchair.

GBS and Vaccination: Is There a Link?

No vaccine specifically targets GBS. Immunizations can potentially impact the immune system, thereby associating them with subsequent GBS cases. It is important to consider this potential association while evaluating the risks and benefits of vaccination.

Reference:

Guillain-Barre Syndrome - (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK532254/)

Source-Medindia