Greater Tree Cover can Lessen Diarrhoeal Diseases in Children

Highlights

• Good tree cover can be inter-linked to diarrheal disease in children
• Increased upstream tree cover in rural watersheds can have an almost equal effect of improved water sanitation
• Protection of watersheds can double as a public health investment against waterborne disease

Children in watershed areas with greater tree cover are less likely to develop diarrheal disease, found a new study published in Nature Communications.

The study is the first to quantify the connection between watershed quality and individual health outcomes of children at the global scale.

"Looking at all of these diverse households in all these different countries, we find the healthier your watershed upstream, the less likely your kids are to get this potentially fatal disease," says Taylor Ricketts of UVM’s Gund Institute for Environment.

Surprisingly, the team predicts that a 30 percent increase in upstream tree cover in rural watersheds would have a comparable effect to improved water sanitation, such as the addition of indoor plumbing or toilets.

"This suggests that protecting watersheds, in the right circumstances, can double as a public health investment," says Brendan Fisher of UVM’s Gund Institute and Rubenstein School of Environment and Natural Resources. "This shows, very clearly, how ’natural infrastructure’ can directly support human health and welfare."

The research is the first to use a massive new database that will enable "big data" approaches to study links between human health and the environment, globally.

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The database features 30 years of USAID demographic and health surveys, with 150 variables for 500,000 households, including spatial data on the environment.

"We are not saying trees are more important than toilets and indoor plumbing," says Diego Herrera, who led the paper as a UVM postdoctoral researcher, and is now at Environmental Defense Fund.

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"But these findings clearly show that forests and other natural systems can complement traditional water sanitation systems, and help compensate for a lack of infrastructure."

The researchers hope the findings help governments and development agencies to improve the health and environment of children around the world.

They add that more research is needed to more fully understand exactly how watershed forests impact the risk of diseases like diarrhea, which has many causes, including waterborne pathogens.

The research covers 35 nations across Africa, Southeast Asia, South America and the Caribbean, including Bangladesh, Philippines, Nigeria, Colombia, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo.

The study was supported by the National Socio-Environmental Synthesis Center (SESYNC), the Luc Hoffmann Institute, and WWF-- along with The Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation and The Rockefeller Foundation as part of the Health & Ecosystems: Analysis of Linkages (HEAL) program.

According to the World Health Organization (WHO):

• 1 in 4 deaths of children under 5 years of age is attributable to unhealthy environments.
• 361,000 children die of diarrheal disease every year because of poor access to clean water, sanitation and hygiene.

Reference

1. Diego Herrera, Alicia Ellis, Brendan Fisher, Christopher D. Golden, Kiersten Johnson, Mark Mulligan, Alexander Pfaff, Timothy Treuer & Taylor H. Ricket. Upstream watershed condition predicts rural children’s health across 35 developing countries, nature communications.doi:10.1038/s41467-017-00775-2

Source-Eurekalert