Blood Test To Detect Heart Attack Risk in Emergency Department

Highlights

• A rapid blood test can spot the risk of heart attack.
• The test can be used to improve the treatment of people with chest pain at emergency departments.
• The test measures levels of a protein called troponin - which is released by damaged heart cells - in patients' blood.

People who arrive at the emergency department for chest pain may or may not be at risk of a heart attack. To find out, a low-cost, rapid blood test can spots whether people are at risk of a heart attack and could improve the treatment of people with chest pain, a study suggests.

The test can accurately rule out the risk of heart attack in almost half of all people arriving at hospital emergency departments with chest pains, a worldwide study has found.

Use of the test on arrival at the hospital could save millions of patients from undergoing further tests and potentially reduce healthcare costs, the researchers say.

Blood Test To Predict Heart Attack Risk

The test measures levels of a protein called troponin in patients' blood. This protein is released by damaged heart cells.

The higher the level of troponin in the blood, the more likely it is that a person has had - or is likely to have - a heart attack.

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In early studies, the test accurately predicted the risk of heart attack in more than 6000 patients admitted to hospital in Scotland.

Experts are calling for international guidelines for the treatment of chest pain to be updated so that the test can be integrated into standard care.

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Troponin Levels in the Blood

The latest research involved almost 23,000 people at 19 hospitals across Europe, North America and Australasia. The participants received the test after arriving with chest pain.

The findings pinpointed a threshold level of troponin in the blood, below which patients are unlikely to have had a heart attack and are at very low risk of experiencing one in the next 30 days.

The test costs around £5 per patient and can be obtained in as little as 20 minutes, helping to safely rule out a heart attack within an hour of arrival at the hospital.

In the UK, people with chest pain are already given the troponin test when they arrive in emergency departments. Under current guidelines for interpreting the results, however, most patients fall into a high-risk category that requires them to be admitted to hospital for observation and repeated troponin tests.

Experts say their findings confirm that the guidelines can be safely revised, which could dramatically improve healthcare efficiency by enabling doctors to discharge patients, not at risk after the results of the first test.

Dr Andrew Chapman, a British Heart Foundation Research Fellow at the University of Edinburgh, said: "We believe the findings of this worldwide study will provide national and international guidelines committees with the evidence they need to recommend the use of troponin testing to rule out heart attacks much earlier in the emergency department.

"This has major potential to improve the safety and efficiency of healthcare delivery, at a time of increasing financial pressures on our National Health Service."

Reference

1. Andrew R. Chapman, Kuan Ken Lee, David A. McAllister, Louise Cullen, et al., ‘Association of High-Sensitivity Cardiac Troponin I Concentration With Cardiac Outcomes in Patients With Suspected Acute Coronary Syndrome’. JAMA (2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.2017.17488.

Source-Medindia