Autism-Cancer Link Identified

The role of SHANK proteins in brain development and tumor invasion has been identififed establishing an unexpected link between autism and cancer.

Highlights

SHANK protein prevents the ability of cancer cells to adhere and migrate to surrounding tissue.
But in autism there is the absence or gene mutations associated with SHANK proteins.
Gene mutations in SHANK, found in autistic patients, impair SHANKs ability to prevent the adherence of both neurons and breast cancer cells.

An unexpected link between cancer and autism has been discovered..

Researchers from Turku Centre for Biotechnology have observed that a protein called SHANK prevents the spread of breast cancer cells to the surrounding tissue by regulating the cell shape and adhesion in very different cell types.

Autism Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment, Prognosis
Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder typically characterized by impaired social and communication skills combined with repetitive movements.

‘The SHANK protein involved in several processes in the central nervous system also prevents the cancer cell adhesion and migration to surrounding tissue.’

It prevented the ability of cancer cells to adhere and migrate on their environment and invade into surrounding tissue.

The SHANK protein has been previously been intensively studied in several processes in the central nervous system, and it is known that its absence or gene mutations are related to autism.

The findings revealed that in autistic patients with gene mutations in SHANK, impairs the ability of SHANK to prevent the adherence of both neurons and breast cancer cells.

Quiz on Autism
Autism spectrum disorder is a complex genetic disorder that impairs social, behavioral, and communication functions in humans. Autistic people may act, communicate, interact, and learn differently than most other people. ASD usually begins in childhood and can last for the rest of a person's life, though symptoms may improve over time

Rap1 proteins activate cell adhesion receptors called integrins.

In cell culture experiments, the researchers found that SHANK protein limits the ability of the protein called Rap1 to activate integrins.

Mutations in Life's 'essential Genes' Linked to Autism Spectrum Disorder
Those with ASD had 44 percent more early-in-childhood mutations and 1.3 percent more inherited mutations in essential genes than their non-affected siblings.

But gene mutations of SHANK which impairs its ability, triggers increases Rap1 activity, cell spreading, migration and invasion in cancer.

The same mechanism that regulated cancer cell motility is applicable to the morphology and branching of neurites, known to be essential for normal brain function.

Adults With Autism Use Alternative Mechanisms to Process Language
There is often an assumption that people with autism will always have problems understanding the meaning of language.

The research team is currently assessing the impact of SHANK proteins on cancer cells, especially on their proliferation.

The findings were published in Nature Cell Biology.

Reference

Igor Barsukov et al. SHANK proteins limit integrin activation by directly interacting with Rap1 and R-Ras. Nature Cell Biology; (2017) doi:10.1038/ncb3487

Source-Medindia