Change in the SLC30A8 gene can reduce the risk of getting type 2 diabetes. Researchers have recruited new members from families with a rare mutation in the SLC30A8 gene to study how they responded to sugar in a meal. SLC30A8 encodes a protein which carries zinc. This protein is important, because zinc is essential for ensuring that insulin, (the only hormone that can reduce blood sugar levels) has the right shape in the beta-cells of the pancreas.
‘People with the SLC30A8 gene mutation have higher insulin and lower blood sugar levels, reducing their risk for diabetes.’
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"A definite strength of our study is we could study families. We could compare people with the mutation with their relatives who do not have the mutation, but who have similar genetic background and life-style", said Departmental chief doctor Tiinamaija Tuomi from the Helsinki University Hospital, who co-led the study. Read More..
"This way, we could make sure that the effects we were seeing were definitely because of this gene, and not because of another genetic or life-style factor."
The results showed that people with the mutation have higher insulin and lower blood sugar levels, reducing their risk for diabetes.
An international collaboration of 50 researchers also studied pancreatic cells with and without the mutation in the lab, and carried out experiments in mice and human cellular material to understand exactly what was happening when the function of the SLC30A8 gene changed.
"The work is a collaborative effort bringing pharma and academia together and researchers from multiple European Countries. It is a tour de force, since we were able to measure the impact of the mutation in many different systems, including human beta-cells", said Professor Anna Gloyn, who co-led the study, from the Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford.
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"Taken together, the human and model system data show enhanced glucose-stimulated insulin secretion combined with enhanced conversion of the prehormone proinsulin to insulin as the most likely explanation for protection against type 2 diabetes", said Om Prakash Dwidedi, the co- first author of the study from the Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki.
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"Our results position this zinc transporter as an appealing and safe target for antidiabetic therapies. If a drug can be developed that mimics the protective effect of this mutation, beta-cell function could be preserved and the insulin secretion capacity in diabetic patients maintained", said Professor Leif Groop from the University of Helsinki and the Lund University who directed the study.
Source-Eurekalert