Fish Oil Healthier Than Vegetable Oil

When it comes looking after your health, you would be doing yourself a favour if you started using more fish oil than vegetable oil.

As to why fish oil is better, well a new study has provided evidence that fish oil decreases the formation of chemicals called prostanoids, which, when produced in excess, increase inflammation in various tissues and organs.

The study was conducted by by William L. Smith, Professor and Chair of Biological Chemistry at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, and colleagues.

“Prostanoids help control blood pressure, fight allergies, and modulate inflammation, but too much of them – especially those made from vegetable oils – can also lead to increased pain, swelling, and redness in various tissues,” Smith says.

“Our study shows that prostanoids made from fish oil are less effective at causing pain and swelling than those made from vegetable oil and that adding fish oil to the diet decreases the amount of prostanoids made from vegetable oil,” he adds.

As a part of their study the researchers analysed the mutual effects of both – fish and vegetable - oils by changing their respective amounts in cultured cells.

They found that as expected, a relative increase in fish oil lowered the amount of prostanoids from vegetable oil. What was unexpected however, was the proportion at which this happened.

Both fish and vegetable oils are converted into prostanoids through chemical reactions that are aided by enzymes called cyclo-oxygenases (COX), two types of which – COX-1 and COX-2 – are involved in the reactions.

In reactions involving COX-1, when more fish oil is present, it preferentially binds to COX-1, thus limiting vegetable oil’s access to this enzyme. But in reactions involving COX-2, increasing the amount of fish oil did not change the way it binds to COX-2, so a significant portion of vegetable oil was still converted to prostanoids.

“This was completely unexpected,” Smith says.

“This new result shows that COX-2 does not ‘prefer’ fish oil to vegetable oil. Regardless of the amount of extra fish oil that we added, COX-2 still helped convert all the vegetable oil available.”

This finding reveals for the first time a limit to how the body naturally regulates levels of prostanoids produced by fish and vegetable oil. If both oil types are present in the body, levels of prostanoids from fish oil will, in general, be higher than those coming from vegetable oil, but mechanisms such as the one involving COX-2 can counter this trend.

Smith and his colleagues are carrying out futher studies that they hope will lead to the designing of potential drugs that bind to COX-2 and decrease levels of the vegetable oil prostanoids.

“The drugs that are currently used to inhibit COX-1 and COX-2 provide relief from the symptoms of inflammation and pain, but they still have many side effects,” Smith says.

“By better understanding how prostanoids work at the cellular level, we hope to find new ways to regulate inflammation and create better anti-inflammatory drugs,” he added.

The study appears in the August 3 issue of the Journal of Biological Chemistry.

Source-ANI
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