Drug For Preserving Brain Function Post-Heart Attack

New research suggests that an experimental drug, which targets a brain system that controls inflammation, might help preserve neurological function in people who survive sudden cardiac arrest.

Survival rates for sudden cardiac arrest are low, but recent medical advancements have improved the chances for recovery. Many people who do survive suffer a range of disorders that relate to neurological deficits caused by loss of blood flow to the brain when their heart stops.

Public Places More Common Setting For Shockable Cardiac Arrests Than Home
Scientists say that cardiac arrests which can be treated by electric stimulation, also known as shockable arrests, were found at a higher frequency in public settings than in the home.

The researchers, led by a team at Ohio State University, believe these neurological problems might relate to inflammation and brain-cell death. The study revealed how the brain is damaged during cardiac arrest, as well as how a drug might counter those effects.

The scientists identified in a mouse model how the loss of blood in the brain sets off a process that attracts inflammatory compounds and kills brain cells. The study showed that these damaging effects were associated with alteration of the cholinergic system - an area of the brain that sends signals using the neurotransmitter acetylcholine to regulate inflammation.

Mice that were treated with an experimental drug called GTS-21, which ctivates acetylcholine, had lower levels of inflammatory chemicals and reduced damage to brain cells in the days following a surgically induced cardiac arrest and subsequent resuscitation.

AEDs No Guarantee for Improved Survival in Hospital Cardiac Arrest
Automated external defibrillators may improve chances of survival in cases of out-of-hospital cardiac arrests, but study of data reveals their use in a hospital incident does not show similar results.

"This is a drug that has been used safely in humans in clinical trials, so we think our findings have significant clinical potential," said Courtney DeVries, professor of neuroscience and psychology at Ohio State University and senior author of the study. "Another very important aspect of the study is that the drug was not given until 24 hours after resuscitation, and yet it was successful at reversing inflammatory effects in the brain. So there would be a large therapeutic window of time if this could eventually be used clinically."

The research is published in the March 2 issue of The Journal of Neuroscience.

Research: Why Hospitalized Daytime Cardiac Arrest Patients are Likely to Survive
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) quality is worse during in-hospital cardiac arrests occurring overnight than those that happen during the day

Source-ANI

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