Does Vitamin D 3Supplements Reduce the Risk of Advanced Cancer ?

Individuals with normal BMI and weight taking vitamin D 3supplements have a reduced risk of diagnosis with advanced cancer. Advanced cancer includes metastatic or fatal type of cancer.

VITAL (Vitamin D and Omega-3 Trial) is a randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled, multifactorial clinical trial of Vitamin D 3(cholecalciferol 2000 IU/d) and marine omega-3- fatty acids (1 gm/d).

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‘Individuals with a normal BMI consuming vitamin D 3 supplements have reduced risk of diagnosis with advanced cancer. Vitamin D inhibits carcinogenesis, tumor progression and inhibits cancer cell multiplication. ’
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This was a multicenter trial conducted in the United States. Participants included men above the age of 50 years and women aged 55 years or older. Randomization took place from November 2011 through March 2014 and data analysis was done from November 1, 2011 to 31 December 2017.

In a secondary analysis of data, clinical trial included approximately 26,000 participants. The researchers found a reduced risk of metastatic or fatal cancers over a mean follow up period of 5.3 years.

The study’s lead author Dr. Paulette Chandler, an epidemiologist in the division of preventive medicine at Brigham and Women's Hospital and an assistant professor of medicine at the Harvard Medical School in Boston said, “ We found in this secondary analysis of a diverse cohort that vitamin D at 2,000 IU a day in people who had no cancer at baseline reduced the risk of developing advanced cancer by 17% overall and by 38% in those with a BMI less than 25. There was no significant reduction in those who were overweight or obese ( BMI above 25)."

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It is not clear how vitamin D reduces the risk of cancer. Vitamin D inhibits the progression of cancer (carcinogenesis), tumor progression and cancer cell multiplication. Vitamin D has anti-inflammatory effects, modulates the immune response of the body, promotes cell death (proapoptotic effect) and prevents the formation of new blood vessels due to cancer (anti- angiogenic effects).

Vitamin D may decrease the tumor invasiveness that is the ability to metastasize, thus reduced mortality due to cancer.

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Dr. Chandler said,” We saw the reduction across 17 different cancers. It's possible, that vitamin D may modulate immune function by improving natural killer cell function, which is something that other studies have suggested.” In patients who have a BMI above 25 she commented,” There are 13 cancers with an increased risk in the setting of obesity.”

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Source-Medindia