Development of Biofilms in CF Associated Chronic-pneumonia

by Anjali Aryamvally on October 10, 2017 at 3:35 PM

Individuals with cystic fibrosis (CF), have an increased risk of developing chronic pneumonia. The characteristic thick and sticky mucus in the lungs of a CF affected person is an ideal environment for the growth of pneumonia causing bacteria. Once chronic pneumonia develops, cure is not an option and can become fatal. The most common bacterium responsible for chronic pneumonia in CF patients is P. aeruginosa.

In a study published in the Journal of Bacteriology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis researchers led by microbiologist Gregory G. Anderson of the School of Science examine the role of a protein present in P. aeruginosa, the magnesium transporter MgtE. MgtE plays a crucial role in signaling bacteria when and where to form biofilms, clusters of bacteria that produce "slime" to shield themselves from the CF patient's immune system as well as from antibiotics, thus making the bacteria clusters extremely difficult to attack and kill.

Cystic Fibrosis

Cystic fibrosis is a genetic disease involving the mucus and sweat glands and the medical world has still to find its cure

‘MgtE, a protein in the membrane of bacteria, tells the bacteria when and where to form biofilms to evade CF patient's immune system.’

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MgtE activity in P. aeruginosa appears to be influenced by the bacterium's chemical surroundings, including the abnormal mucus in CF patients. Specifically, MgtE responds to fluctuations in magnesium levels.

"We know quite a lot about the regulatory signaling that is involved in the bacterium telling itself to form a biofilm, but we haven't had much knowledge about the molecular signals that tell these organisms that it's an appropriate time and place to cluster," said Anderson, corresponding author of the new study. "Specifically, we haven't known what signals bacteria are receiving from the environment -- in this case, the mucus in CF patients' lungs -- to tell them to form biofilms.

Respiratory Diseases

Respiratory diseases affect any part of the respiratory system. Some of the lung diseases like chronic obstructive pulmonary disease can lead to respiratory failure.

"We have now tied MgtE, a protein in the membrane of bacteria, with known biofilm signaling networks. I think this is one of the first times such a link between an external signal and biofilm regulation has been identified. We are adding to the body of knowledge of biofilm formation with the ultimate goal of finding better ways to disrupt that formation, leading to improved treatments for the chronic pneumonia in CF patients."

Infections in cystic fibrosis patients cause breathing difficulties resulting in serious strain on the lungs, cardiovascular system and heart.

Source: Eurekalert