Coordinating Care of Seniors Moving Across Treatment Still Remains a Problem

A team led by a Johns Hopkins geriatrician has further documented hindrances to better care of older adults as they are transferred from hospital to rehabilitation center to home, and too often back again. This is believed to be the first interview-style qualitative study of its kind among health care providers in the trenches

Using comments and concerns drawn from in-depth interviews of 18 physicians and two home health care agency administrators - all experienced in trying to coordinate care of older adults - the researchers created a framework for evaluating what actions and programs might improve care. For example, they say, more attention should be given to preventing drug errors or missed doses of medicine, earlier and more frequent communications among health care providers at different sites, the elimination of discharge planning delays, and patient education.

Moreover, they caution that strategies already planned or in use to improve coordination, such as pay-for-performance targets and educational interventions, need further study to determine their value and any unintended consequences.

Improving care transitions, for example, is a high priority in the Affordable Care Act of 2010, which established a pay-for-performance financial incentive program to motivate better coordination. The study results suggest, however, that health care providers are unclear about how these incentives will be designed and are concerned that the wrong outcomes or processes will be measured.

"For a pay-for-performance strategy to be successful and improve patient care, health care providers must have a voice in the design process," says report lead author Alicia I. Arbaje, M.D., M.P.H., director of transitional care research and assistant professor of medicine at Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center and the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. "Currently, health care providers have concerns about pay for performance that need to be considered."

In their report on their work, "Excellence in Transitional Care of Older Adults and Pay-for-Performance: Perspectives of Health Care Professionals," published in the December 2014 issue of The Joint Commission Journal on Quality and Patient Safety, the investigators note the persistent "mixed reviews" of the impact of tying compensation to quality of care.

Advertisement

They also say that care transitions across health care settings remain "common, complicated, costly and potentially hazardous for older adults." As the ranks of older adults grow and their numerous illnesses require ever more drugs, specialists and facilities, poor transitional care frequently leads to rehospitalizations and complications for patients.

The problems have been well documented in other studies, the researchers say, but they believe their assessment is the first to examine pay for performance from the perspective of health care professionals with frontline experience in transitional care.

Advertisement

Participants included internists who worked in acute care academic medical centers, rehabilitation facilities, outpatient and community-based primary care settings, and home health care administrators.By analyzing in-depth interviews of health care professionals actively involved in care transitions, the research team uncovered three themes that addressed pay for performance: components and markers of effective care transitions, difficulties in design and implementation of pay-for-performance strategies, and unmet needs in delivering optimal care during transitions.

The findings suggest ways to better define health care providers' roles in care transitions, enhance communication, determine performance measurements, and improve education and training of providers. Among the recommendations in the framework are calls for holding health care providers more accountable for patient education, reimbursing providers for care coordination activities, and providing training and hands-on experience for providers to facilitate care transitions.

Arbaje explains, "Health care providers may need additional training to better execute care transitions and to understand their role during transitions. Without this education, it is difficult to design pay-for-performance strategies with an end result of good patient care."



Source-Eurekalert