BRCA1 is known to suppress cancer by repairing breaks in DNA, the molecule that contains the genetic blueprint of each cell.

‘BRCA1 plays an important role in breast tissue development and this may help in developing more effective ways of preventing breast cancer in women carrying the mutated gene.
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BRCA1 is known to suppress cancer by repairing breaks in DNA, the molecule that contains the genetic blueprint of each cell. This DNA damage occurs with aging and environmental insults. 




In the new study, published in Nature Communications, CTRC researchers found that BRCA1 also serves as a limiter or governor on a gene called COBRA1 that regulates breast cell growth.
"We now have solid and compelling evidence that BRCA1 in breast tissue is doing something independent of DNA repair," said study lead author Rong Li, Ph.D., professor of molecular medicine at the Health Science Center. "We still think DNA repair is important for BRCA1 to suppress tumor development, but we just don't think it's the whole story."
Clues to a puzzle
Since DNA repair is needed in every cell of the body, scientists including Dr. Li have puzzled over why loss of BRCA1 function predisposes women to only breast and ovarian cancers. Also, diminished BRCA1 activity doesn't affect men significantly, as it does women.
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The new finding provides at least part of that answer, he said, and could one day translate into better diagnostic and treatment tools for this form of breast cancer. "The ultimate goal would be to slow down or even prevent breast cancer development in BRCA1 mutation carriers," he said.
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Tough to treat
BRCA1 is mutated in up to 10 percent of invasive breast cancers -- about 25,000 new cases in the U.S. annually. These cancers are frequently very difficult to cure. Women who carry the mutation have an 80 percent increased risk of developing breast cancer.
Human tissue studies
Dr. Li and his colleagues conducted the study in mice and want to confirm the finding in human tissue. They are collaborating with CTRC breast oncologists to obtain tissue from BRCA1 mutation carriers and assess whether the same BRCA1-COBRA1 relationship exists.
"If we can validate this relationship in human tissue, then the next step will be to see if we can intervene using pharmacological tools to re-establish the balance, if it is lost, in a BRCA1 mutation carrier," Dr. Li said.
Source-Eurekalert