Breakthrough in Battle Against Malaria

Researchers have identified a new way by which the malaria parasite survives in human blood. This key finding marks the latest laboratory advance against malaria.

Malaria's death toll has declined by a fifth over the last decade thanks to better drugs and distribution of insecticide-treated mosquito nets, but still claims some 800,000 lives every year, mostly children under five in sub-Saharan Africa.

Malaria - Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Prevention, Treatment
Malaria is caused by a parasite that enters blood through the bite of an infected mosquito. It is characterized by fever, vomiting, shivering, sweating and other symptoms.

Researchers from Britain and France said they had identified genes in the Plasmodium falciparum parasite which produce enzymes called kinases.

Thirty-six kinases are needed for the parasite to develop in human blood cells, a key part of its complex life cycle, they reported in the journal Nature Communications.

"We are now looking for drugs that... stop the protein kinases from working. If we find these drugs then we will have a new way of killing the malaria parasite," said Christian Doerig of France's Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (Inserm).

About Mosquito Diseases
Mosquito-borne diseases, like malaria, filaria, dengue, etc are common in places conducive of mosquito breeding. Swamps, ponds and stagnated drainage provide optimal breeding ground for mosquitoes.

Andrew Tobin of Britain's University of Leicester said the search for a new weapon was vital, given the parasite's dismaying ability to build resistance against treatment.

"It seems perfectly realistic to us that we can now develop novel anti-malaria drugs based on the findings that we have made -- it certainly is a big moment in our fight against this terrible disease that mainly affects the world?s poorest people," he said in a press release issued by the university.

Malaria Parasite Works On White Blood Cells
Australian researchers are positing that the malaria parasite works on the dendritic cells (DCs), warding off the body’s immune attack.

The research is a further step, at research level, in identifying chinks in malaria's armour.

Earlier this month, a team at Britain's Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute said they had discovered a single microscopic channel through which P. falciparum must pass in order to infect red blood cells.

Young African Children Do Not Get Malaria Protection After Zinc Supplementation
Supplementing young Tanzanian children with zinc - either alone or in combination with other multi-nutrients — does not protect against malaria.

Intrusion depends on the interaction between a specific molecule on the parasite, called a ligand, and a specific receptor on the surface of the blood cell.

Blocking this lock-and-key interaction prevents the parasite from breaching the cell wall.

In October, early results from clinical trials among African children showed that the world's first malaria vaccine cut infection rates by roughly half.

The so-called RTS,S vaccine, made by the British pharmaceutical giant GlaxoSmithKline, is the first of its kind to prime the immune system against a parasite, rather than a bacterium or a virus.

Source-AFP