Alzheimer's Treated With Diabetes Medication

Alzheimer's disease could be treated with the diabetes medication, pioglitazone, states a recently-published medical article.

"Alzheimer's disease is an immense and growing public health problem," the authors write as background information in the article.

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"Although prescription drug therapy for the symptoms of Alzheimer's disease has been available since 1993, these agents do not fundamentally alter the pathological expression of the disease or its progressive course. The failure of several recent treatment trials directed at the beta-amyloid peptide, a key pathological correlate of Alzheimer's disease, suggests a need to explore alternative approaches to Alzheimer's disease treatment that are not focused on beta-amyloid metabolism," they said.

Another potential therapeutic target for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease is the nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, PPAR-gamma, which acts to regulate glucose and lipid metabolism.

A class of drugs known as thiazolidinediones, originally developed to reduce insulin resistance in patients with type 2 diabetes, are potent agonists (trigger a response) of PPAR-gamma.

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To evaluate the safety of one of these medications, pioglitazone, in patients without diabetes but with Alzheimer's disease, Dr. David S. Geldmacher, of the University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, and colleagues conducted an 18-month, double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized controlled trial.

Twenty-nine patients without diabetes but with probable Alzheimer's disease were randomly assigned to receive either pioglitazone (titrated to 45 milligrams daily) or matching placebo, along with 200 international units of vitamin E.

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Patients with type-2 diabetes are at high cardiovascular risk; pioglitazone improves cardiovascular outcome in such patients, and reduces the need to add insulin to glucose-lowering regimens compared with placebo.

A total of 25 patients (12 taking pioglitazone and 13 taking placebo) completed 18 months of therapy. Two of the patients who discontinued participation in the study early had a change in caregivers status, and two withdrew their consent; no discontinuations were attributed to adverse events.

Peripheral edema, swelling of the legs and feet, was the main adverse event, affecting four patients in the pioglitazone group (28.6 percent) compared with none in the placebo group.

"This is consistent with the known adverse event profile of pioglitazone. No group differences in laboratory measures were identified," wrote the authors.

"No significant treatment effect was observed on exploratory analysis of clinical efficacy," they continue, noting that the study was not intended to determine treatment efficacy.

The study has been published in the January 2011 print issue of Archives of Neurology, one of the JAMA/Archives journals.

Source-ANI